Centre for Performance Science, Royal College of Music, London, United Kingdom.
Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.
PLoS One. 2023 Oct 25;18(10):e0292722. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292722. eCollection 2023.
The COVID-19 pandemic had a substantial effect on the creative and cultural industries in the United Kingdom (UK), as seen in our first snapshot of the HEartS Professional Survey (April-June 2020, Phase 1, N = 358). By analysing data collected one year later (April-May 2021, Phase 2, N = 685), the aims of the current study are to trace the contributors to (1) arts professionals' mental and social wellbeing and (2) their expectations of staying in the arts. Findings show that artists continued to experience challenges in terms of finances, and mental and social wellbeing. Over half of the respondents reported financial hardship (59%), and over two thirds reported being lonelier (64%) and having increased anxiety (71%) than before the pandemic. Hierarchical multiple linear regression models, using the Mental Health Continuum-Short Form, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, Social Connectedness Scale, and Three-Item Loneliness Scale as outcome variables, indicate that perceived financial hardship continued to be associated with higher depression and loneliness scores. As in our first study, more physical activity before lockdown was associated with higher wellbeing and social connectedness scores, and higher self-rated health scores were associated with higher wellbeing and lower depression scores. Similarly, increases in physical activity during lockdown, as well as older age, were still associated with higher wellbeing and social connectedness scores and with lower depression and loneliness scores. An ordinal logistic regression model indicated three contributors to artists' professional expectations of remaining in the arts: greater proportion of income from the arts pre-pandemic, continued maintenance of skills, and greater proportion of freelance work. The results suggest that the wellbeing patterns observed at the start of the pandemic remained consistent a year on. They point to possible strategies to support wellbeing and underline the importance of finances for expectations of remaining in arts professions.
新冠疫情对英国（UK）创意和文化产业产生了重大影响，我们首次对 HEartS 专业调查（2020 年 4 月至 6 月，第 1 阶段，N=358）进行快照分析时就已经看到了这一点。通过分析一年后（2021 年 4 月至 5 月，第 2 阶段，N=685）收集的数据，本研究的目的是追踪以下两个方面的贡献因素：（1）艺术专业人员的心理和社会福利；（2）他们对从事艺术行业的期望。研究结果表明，艺术家在财务状况以及心理和社会福利方面仍然面临挑战。超过一半的受访者报告经济困难（59%），超过三分之二的受访者报告比疫情前更孤独（64%）和焦虑感增加（71%）。使用心理健康连续体-短式量表、流行病学研究抑郁量表、社会联系量表和三项目孤独量表作为因变量的分层多元线性回归模型表明，感知到的经济困难与更高的抑郁和孤独得分仍然相关。与我们的第一项研究一样，在封锁前更多的体育活动与更高的幸福感和社会联系得分相关，而更高的自我评定健康得分与更高的幸福感和更低的抑郁得分相关。同样，封锁期间体育活动的增加以及年龄的增长仍然与更高的幸福感和社会联系得分以及更低的抑郁和孤独得分相关。一个有序逻辑回归模型表明，有三个因素可以预测艺术家对留在艺术行业的职业期望：疫情前艺术收入的比例更大、持续维持技能以及自由职业工作的比例更大。研究结果表明，疫情开始时观察到的幸福感模式在一年后仍然保持一致。它们指出了支持幸福感的可能策略，并强调了财务状况对留在艺术职业期望的重要性。
