Zayed Randa F, Millhouse Paul W, Kamyab Farnaz, Ortiz Juan Fernando, Atoot Adam
Internal Medicine, Hackensack Meridian Health Palisades Medical Center, North Bergen, USA.
General Practice, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, USA.
Cureus. 2021 Feb 11;13(2):e13291. doi: 10.7759/cureus.13291.
Milk-alkali syndrome or calcium-alkali syndrome (CAS) is the triad of hypercalcemia, metabolic alkalosis and renal impairment. It is often related to ingestion of high amounts of calcium carbonate, which was used historically for the treatment of peptic ulcer disease. The incidence of the syndrome decreased dramatically after the introduction of newer peptic ulcer medications such as proton pump inhibitors and histamine blocking agents. However, a resurgence was seen in the late 1980s with the wide use of over-the-counter calcium supplements, mainly by females for osteoporosis prophylaxis. The modern version of the syndrome continues to evolve along with medical management. This review focuses on the historical context of CAS, pathogenesis, resurgence of the condition with variable presentations, and contemporary management.
乳-碱综合征或钙-碱综合征（CAS）是高钙血症、代谢性碱中毒和肾功能损害三联征。它常与摄入大量碳酸钙有关，碳酸钙在历史上曾用于治疗消化性溃疡病。在引入质子泵抑制剂和组胺阻滞剂等新型消化性溃疡药物后，该综合征的发病率大幅下降。然而，在20世纪80年代后期，随着非处方钙补充剂的广泛使用，该综合征又有所复发，主要是女性用于预防骨质疏松症。该综合征的现代形式随着医疗管理的发展而不断演变。本综述重点关注CAS的历史背景、发病机制、不同表现形式下该病症的复发情况以及当代治疗方法。
