Dimitriou Evgenia, Michailidis Nikolaos
Physical Metallurgy Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
Nanotechnology. 2021 Oct 13;32(50). doi: 10.1088/1361-6528/abefff.
In recent years, a wide range of electronic materials with a great diversity in their chemical and physical properties has been patterned by printing techniques on a variety of substrates. Nanotechnology-based materials appear to be the most promising thereof, increasing the resolution of the printed raster and enhancing the electrical properties of the final patterns. Conductive nanoparticle inks are the main building block of all printed electronic devices and circuit boards, forming their fundamental structure and integrated low-resistance circuit interconnects, antennae, contact electrodes within transistors etc. A plethora of both conventional and novel printing techniques have been employed with nanoparticle-based inks for the fabrication of conductive patterns, dictating different limitations for the properties of the printed inks. Although several articles have reviewed printing techniques of nanomaterials, a comprehensive review on physicochemical properties that need to be considered in order to develop nanoparticle-based conductive inks, sufficiently compatible with each printing technique, is missing. This review firstly summarizes a wide range of printing techniques that are of high potential for printing electronics and then narrows them down to those applied with conductive nanoparticle inks. Next, it focuses on the typical properties of nanoparticle-based conductive inks (chemical composition, particle size and shape, solids loading, ink viscosity and surface tension) and suggests parameters that need to be taken into account when preparing conductive nanotechnology-based inks, corresponding the requirements of each printing technique. General principles that determine the electrical conductivity of the printed patterns are outlined. Lastly, future prospects on the development of novel printable materials are laid out.
近年来，多种化学和物理性质各异的电子材料已通过印刷技术在各种基材上进行了图案化处理。基于纳米技术的材料似乎是其中最具潜力的，可提高印刷光栅的分辨率并增强最终图案的电学性能。导电纳米颗粒油墨是所有印刷电子器件和电路板的主要组成部分，构成其基本结构并形成集成的低电阻电路互连、天线、晶体管内的接触电极等。大量传统和新颖的印刷技术已被用于基于纳米颗粒的油墨来制造导电图案，这对印刷油墨的性能有不同的限制。尽管已有几篇文章对纳米材料的印刷技术进行了综述，但对于为开发与每种印刷技术充分兼容的基于纳米颗粒的导电油墨而需要考虑的物理化学性质，却缺少全面的综述。本综述首先总结了一系列对印刷电子具有高潜力的印刷技术，然后将其范围缩小到应用于导电纳米颗粒油墨的技术。接下来，重点关注基于纳米颗粒的导电油墨的典型性质（化学成分、粒径和形状、固体含量、油墨粘度和表面张力），并提出在制备基于纳米技术的导电油墨时需要考虑的参数，以符合每种印刷技术的要求。概述了决定印刷图案电导率的一般原则。最后，阐述了新型可印刷材料开发的未来前景。
