Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forest University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2021 May 20;770:145402. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145402. Epub 2021 Jan 27.
Identifying the nature and extent of atmospheric PM-bound toxic organic pollutants is beneficial to evaluate human health risks of air pollution. Seasonal observations of PM-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and nitro-PAHs (NPAHs) in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) were investigated, along with criteria air pollutants and meteorological parameters. With the elevated PM level, the percentage of 4-ring PAHs and typical NPAH including 3-Nitrobiphenyl (3-NBP) and 2-Nitrofluoranthene (2-NFLT) increased by 19-40%. PM-bound 2-NFLT was positively correlated with O and NO, suggesting the contribution of atmospheric oxidation capacity to enhance the secondary formation of NPAHs in the atmosphere. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) analysis indicated that traffic emissions (44.9-48.7%), coal and biomass combustion (27.6-36.0%) and natural gas and volatilization (15.3-27.5%) were major sources of PAHs, and secondary formation (39.8-53.8%) was a predominant contributor to total NPAH concentrations. Backward trajectory analysis showed that air masses from North China transported to the YRD region increased PAH and NPAH concentrations. Compare to clean days, the BaP equivalent concentrations of total PAHs and NPAHs during haze pollution days were enhanced by 10-25 and 2-6 times, respectively. The Incremental Lifetime Cancer Risks (ILCRs) of PAHs by inhalation exposure also indicated high potential health risks in the YRD region. The results implied that the health risks of PM-bound PAHs and NPAHs could be sharply enhanced with the increase of PM concentrations.
识别大气颗粒物中有毒有机污染物的性质和程度有助于评估空气污染对人类健康的风险。本研究对长江三角洲（YRD）地区大气颗粒物中多环芳烃（PAHs）和硝基多环芳烃（NPAHs）进行了季节性观测，并对大气颗粒物中多环芳烃（PAHs）和硝基多环芳烃（NPAHs）进行了季节性观测。随着 PM 浓度的升高，4 环 PAHs 和典型 NPAH（包括 3-硝基联苯（3-NBP）和 2-硝基荧蒽（2-NFLT））的比例增加了 19-40%。PM 结合的 2-NFLT 与 O 和 NO 呈正相关，表明大气氧化能力的增强有助于大气中 NPAHs 的二次形成。正定矩阵因子分解（PMF）分析表明，交通排放（44.9-48.7%）、煤和生物质燃烧（27.6-36.0%）和天然气及挥发物（15.3-27.5%）是 PAHs 的主要来源，二次形成（39.8-53.8%）是总 NPAH 浓度的主要贡献者。后向轨迹分析表明，来自华北的气团输送到 YRD 地区增加了 PAH 和 NPAH 的浓度。与清洁日相比，霾污染日总 PAHs 和 NPAHs 的 BaP 当量浓度分别增加了 10-25 倍和 2-6 倍。通过吸入暴露对 PAHs 的增量终生癌症风险（ILCRs）也表明，YRD 地区存在较高的健康风险。结果表明，随着 PM 浓度的增加，PM 结合的 PAHs 和 NPAHs 的健康风险可能会急剧增加。
