Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, PR China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, PR China.
Department of Cardiology, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou 570311, PR China.
Life Sci. 2021 Jun 1;274:119357. doi: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119357. Epub 2021 Mar 15.
Cardiac arrhythmias are an important group of cardiovascular diseases, which can occur alone or in association with other cardiovascular diseases. The development of cardiac arrhythmias cannot be separated from changes in cardiac electrophysiology, and the investigation and clarification of cardiac electrophysiological changes are beneficial for the treatment of cardiac arrhythmias. However, electrical energy-based pacemakers and defibrillators, which are widely used to treat arrhythmias, still have certain disadvantages. Thereby, optics promises to be used for optical manipulation and its use in biomedicine is increasing. Since visible light is readily absorbed and scattered in living tissues and tissue penetration is shallow, optical modulation for cells and tissues requires conversion media that convert light energy into bioelectrical activity. In this regard, fluorescent dyes, light-sensitive ion channels, and optical nanomaterials can assume this role, the corresponding optical mapping technology, optogenetics technology, and optical systems based on luminescent nanomaterials have been introduced into the research in cardiovascular field and are expected to be new tools for the study and treatment of cardiac arrhythmias. In addition, infrared and near-infrared light has strong tissue penetration, which is one of the excellent options of external trigger for achieving optical modulation, and is also widely used in the study of optical modulation of biological activities. Here, the advantages of optical applications are summarized, the research progresses and emerging applications of optical-based technologies as detection and intervention tools for cardiac electrophysiological are highlighted. Moreover, the prospects for future applications of optics in clinical diagnosis and treatment are discussed.
心律失常是一类重要的心血管疾病，可单独发生或与其他心血管疾病合并存在。心律失常的发生与心脏电生理变化密不可分，对心脏电生理变化的研究和阐明有助于心律失常的治疗。然而，广泛用于治疗心律失常的电能型起搏器和除颤器仍存在一定的局限性。因此，光学有望用于光学操作，其在生物医学中的应用正在增加。由于可见光在活体组织中容易被吸收和散射，组织穿透深度较浅，因此需要转换介质将光能转化为生物电活动，以实现对细胞和组织的光学调制。在这方面，荧光染料、光敏感离子通道和光学纳米材料可以发挥这种作用，相应的光学绘图技术、光遗传学技术和基于发光纳米材料的光学系统已被引入心血管领域的研究中，有望成为研究和治疗心律失常的新工具。此外，红外光和近红外光具有较强的组织穿透能力，是实现光学调制的外部触发的优秀选项之一，也广泛应用于生物活性的光学调制研究中。本文总结了光学应用的优势，强调了基于光学的技术作为心脏电生理检测和干预工具的研究进展和新兴应用。此外，还讨论了光学在临床诊断和治疗中的未来应用前景。
