Zhang Rui, Tu Juchuanli, Liu Suling
Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Cancer Institutes, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, The Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, The International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Cancer Institutes, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, The Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, The International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
Semin Cancer Biol. 2022 Jul;82:11-25. doi: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.03.008. Epub 2021 Mar 15.
Tumors consist of heterogeneous cell populations, and tumor heterogeneity plays key roles in regulating tumorigenesis, metastasis, recurrence and resistance to anti-tumor therapies. More and more studies suggest that cancer stem cells (CSCs) promote tumorigenesis, metastasis, recurrence and drug resistance as well as are the major source for heterogeneity of cancer cells. CD24CD44 and ALDH are the most common markers for breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs). Previous studies showed that different BCSC markers label different BCSC populations, indicating the heterogeneity of BCSCs. Therefore, defining the regulation mechanisms of heterogeneous BCSCs is essential for precisely targeting BCSCs and treating breast cancer. In this review, we summarized the novel regulators existed in BCSCs and their niches for BCSC heterogeneity which has been discovered in recent years, and discussed their regulation mechanisms and the latest corresponding cancer treatments, which will extend our understanding on BCSC heterogeneity and plasticity, and provide better prognosis prediction and more efficient novel therapeutic strategies for breast cancer.
肿瘤由异质性细胞群体组成，肿瘤异质性在调节肿瘤发生、转移、复发及对抗肿瘤治疗的耐药性方面发挥着关键作用。越来越多的研究表明，癌症干细胞（CSCs）促进肿瘤发生、转移、复发和耐药性，并且是癌细胞异质性的主要来源。CD24CD44和醛脱氢酶（ALDH）是乳腺癌干细胞（BCSCs）最常见的标志物。先前的研究表明，不同的BCSC标志物标记不同的BCSC群体，这表明BCSCs具有异质性。因此，明确异质性BCSCs的调控机制对于精准靶向BCSCs和治疗乳腺癌至关重要。在本综述中，我们总结了近年来在BCSCs及其微环境中发现的BCSC异质性的新型调节因子，并讨论了它们的调控机制及最新的相应癌症治疗方法，这将扩展我们对BCSC异质性和可塑性的理解，并为乳腺癌提供更好的预后预测和更有效的新型治疗策略。
