Wolka Eskinder, Deressa Wakgari, Reja Ahmed
School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences and Medicine, Wolaita Sodo University, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia.
Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Risk Manag Healthc Policy. 2021 Mar 12;14:1025-1031. doi: 10.2147/RMHP.S292000. eCollection 2021.
The presence of maternal diabetes mellitus (DM) during pregnancy has complications for both mother and child. Pre-existing DM can result in higher risk of maternal and child mortality and morbidity. In Ethiopia, the magnitude of pre-existing DM among pregnant women is not well studied. The aim of this study was to assess the magnitude of pre-existing DM among pregnant women in Wolaita Zone, Southern Ethiopia.
A retrospective document review was carried out to determine the magnitude of pre-existing DM in three hospitals and four health centers in Wolaita Zone, Southern Ethiopia. A total of 600 pregnant mothers who attended maternity services at the study health facilities in one year period from January 1, to December 31, 2017 were included in the study. Data were collected from medical records of mothers. Chi-square and logistic regression analysis model were used to check the relationship between pre-existing DM and independent variables.
A total of 600 mothers were included in the analysis. The magnitude of pre-existing DM among mothers receiving maternity care within a one year period was 2.8% (95% CI: 1.5, 4.2). The magnitudes among urban and rural residents were 3.4% and 1.4%, respectively. Pre-existing DM is significantly associated with family history of diabetes (Chi square 24.8, P-value, 0.001). Previous history of spontaneous abortion (aOR: 5.3; 95% CI: 1.6-17.4) and fetal macrosomia (aOR: 3.9; 95% CI: 1.2-13.1), was identified to be significantly associated with pre-existing DM. The magnitude of pre-existing DM is comparable with International Diabetes Federation Estimate to Ethiopia in the study area. Family history of DM was found to be associated with pre-existing DM. Pre-existing DM is associated with increased risk of abortion and fetal macrosomia.
The magnitude of pre-existing DM is comparable with previous estimates to the country. A nationwide, large-scale study is important to estimate the burden of pre-existing DM and associated risk factors among pregnant mothers at national level.
孕期母体糖尿病（DM）的存在对母亲和孩子都会产生并发症。孕前糖尿病会导致母婴死亡和发病风险升高。在埃塞俄比亚，孕妇中孕前糖尿病的严重程度尚未得到充分研究。本研究的目的是评估埃塞俄比亚南部沃莱塔地区孕妇中孕前糖尿病的严重程度。
进行了一项回顾性文献审查，以确定埃塞俄比亚南部沃莱塔地区三家医院和四个健康中心孕前糖尿病的严重程度。2017年1月1日至12月31日期间，在研究医疗机构接受产科服务的600名孕妇被纳入研究。数据从母亲的医疗记录中收集。使用卡方检验和逻辑回归分析模型来检验孕前糖尿病与自变量之间的关系。
共有600名母亲被纳入分析。在一年内接受产科护理的母亲中，孕前糖尿病的严重程度为2.8%（95%置信区间：1.5，4.2）。城市和农村居民中的严重程度分别为3.4%和1.4%。孕前糖尿病与糖尿病家族史显著相关（卡方值24.8，P值，0.001）。既往自然流产史（调整后的比值比：5.3；95%置信区间：1.6 - 17.4）和巨大儿（调整后的比值比：3.9；95%置信区间：1.2 - 13.1）被确定与孕前糖尿病显著相关。在研究区域，孕前糖尿病的严重程度与国际糖尿病联盟对埃塞俄比亚的估计相当。发现糖尿病家族史与孕前糖尿病有关。孕前糖尿病与流产和巨大儿风险增加有关。
孕前糖尿病的严重程度与该国先前的估计相当。开展一项全国性的大规模研究对于估计全国范围内孕妇中孕前糖尿病的负担及相关危险因素很重要。
