Wolfson Atmospheric Chemistry Laboratories, University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom.
Ricardo Energy & Environment, Harwell, Oxfordshire OX11 0QR, United Kingdom.
Environ Sci Technol. 2021 Apr 20;55(8):4452-4461. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.0c08363. Epub 2021 Mar 19.
Road vehicles make important contributions to a wide range of pollutant emissions from the street level to global scales. The quantification of emissions from road vehicles is, however, highly challenging given the number of individual sources involved and the myriad factors that influence emissions such as fuel type, emission standard, and driving behavior. In this work, we use highly detailed and comprehensive vehicle emission remote sensing measurements made under real driving conditions to develop new bottom-up inventories that can be compared to official national inventory totals. We find that the total UK passenger car and light-duty van emissions of nitrogen oxides (NO) are underestimated by 24-32%, and up to 47% in urban areas, compared with the UK national inventory, despite agreement within 1.5% for total fuel used. Emissions of NO at a country level are also shown to vary considerably depending on the mix of vehicle manufacturers in the fleet. Adopting the on-road mix of vehicle manufacturers for six European countries results in up to a 13.4% range in total emissions of NO. Accounting for the manufacturer-specific fleets at a country level could have a significant impact on emission estimates of NO and other pollutants across the European countries, which are not currently reflected in emission inventories.
道路车辆在从街道到全球范围的各种污染物排放方面做出了重要贡献。然而，由于涉及的个体污染源数量众多，以及影响排放的众多因素（如燃料类型、排放标准和驾驶行为），道路车辆排放的量化极具挑战性。在这项工作中，我们使用在实际驾驶条件下进行的高度详细和全面的车辆排放遥感测量来开发新的基于底层的清单，这些清单可以与官方国家清单总量进行比较。我们发现，与英国国家清单相比，英国乘用车和轻型商用车的氮氧化物（NO）总排放量被低估了 24-32%，在城市地区甚至被低估了 47%，尽管总燃料使用量的差异在 1.5%以内。NO 的国家层面排放量也显示出因车队中车辆制造商的组合而异。采用六个欧洲国家的道路车辆制造商组合，NO 的总排放量最多可相差 13.4%。在国家层面上考虑特定制造商的车队，可能会对欧洲国家的 NO 和其他污染物排放的估计产生重大影响，而目前排放清单中并未反映这些影响。
