Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
Nicotine Tob Res. 2021 Aug 18;23(9):1507-1511. doi: 10.1093/ntr/ntab048.
The implementation of indoor smoke-free policy has compelled smokers to go outdoors to smoke. Outdoor smoking facilities were installed to designate outdoor smoking area. The purposes of the study were to identify factors of outdoor tobacco smoke (OTS) around open type outdoor smoking facility and to compare the OTS exposure by the type of outdoor smoking facility.
Outdoor concentrations of particulate matter smaller than 2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5) were measured at 3 different distances (0, 1, and 3 m) from the entrance of the open-type outdoor smoking facility with a simulated smoking source. For field measurements, PM2.5 concentrations of inside and outside of 33 operating outdoor smoking facilities were simultaneously measured for 30 min.
For the smoking simulation, the outside PM2.5 concentrations and the peak occurrence rates increased significantly as the number of cigarettes smoked increased, the distance from the entrance decreased, and the wind speed increased (p < .0001). For the field measurement, the inside PM2.5 concentration of the outdoor smoking facilities varied significantly by types of the outdoor smoking facility (p = 0.022). The outside PM2.5 concentrations were not significantly different by types of outdoor smoking facility.
OTS in an open type outdoor smoking facility were detected at 3 m away from the entrance of the smoking facility. Outdoor smoking facility should have a buffer zone to reduce OTS exposure of pedestrians. Many smokers were observed outside of the outdoor smoking facility not inside. Management and education of smokers to smoke inside the facility is needed.
The study showed the effects of the outdoor smoking facility. Outdoor smoking facility should be installed with a sufficient buffer zone. Closed or semi-enclosed outdoor smoking facilities should not be installed. It could be used as a base data to set an outdoor smoking area on the populated area such as the city center and to establish an installation location of an outdoor smoking facility in the designated outdoor smoking area.
室内禁烟政策的实施迫使吸烟者到室外吸烟。户外吸烟设施的安装旨在划定户外吸烟区。本研究旨在确定开放式户外吸烟设施周围的户外烟草烟雾（OTS）的影响因素，并比较不同类型户外吸烟设施的 OTS 暴露情况。
使用模拟吸烟源，在距离开放式户外吸烟设施入口 0、1 和 3 米处测量了不同距离下（0、1 和 3 米）的大气动力学直径（PM2.5）小于 2.5μm 的颗粒物的室外浓度。对于现场测量，同时测量了 33 个运行中的户外吸烟设施内部和外部的 PM2.5 浓度，测量时间为 30 分钟。
对于吸烟模拟，随着吸烟数量的增加、距离入口的距离减小和风速增加，室外 PM2.5 浓度和峰值出现率显著增加（p<0.0001）。对于现场测量，户外吸烟设施的内部 PM2.5 浓度因户外吸烟设施的类型而异（p=0.022）。不同类型的户外吸烟设施的室外 PM2.5 浓度没有显著差异。
在距离吸烟设施入口 3 米处检测到开放式户外吸烟设施中的 OTS。户外吸烟设施应设置缓冲区，以减少行人暴露于 OTS 的风险。许多吸烟者被观察到在户外吸烟设施外而不是在设施内吸烟。需要对吸烟者进行管理和教育，以促使他们在设施内吸烟。
本研究表明了户外吸烟设施的影响。户外吸烟设施应安装足够的缓冲区。不应安装封闭或半封闭的户外吸烟设施。它可以作为在人口密集区（如市中心）设置户外吸烟区和在指定的户外吸烟区设置户外吸烟设施安装位置的基础数据。
