Shi Rui, Mao Ruo-Yu, Zhang Meng, Lü Yong-Long, Song Shuai, Zhao Ji-Xin
State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
Bayannaoer Environmental Information Monitoring Center, Bayannaoer 015000, China.
Huan Jing Ke Xue. 2021 Feb 8;42(2):663-672. doi: 10.13227/j.hjkx.202005216.
Polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) enter the environment through multi-media diffusion and long-distance migration during the long-term manufacture and use of products containing PFASs. This study analyzed 17 PFASs in surface water samples collected from the Wuliangsuhai watershed in the wet and dry seasons, and investigated the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics, potential sources, and ecological risks of PFASs in the study area. PFASs were detected in all surface water samples at concentrations ranging from 4.00 to 263.45 ng·L. The spatial distribution of PFASs was affected by local human activities and showed two main types of characteristics. The first type was associated with Yellow River and canal water, which had relatively low concentrations of PFASs and was dominated by perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA). The second type was associated with drain and lake water receiving industrial, agricultural, and domestic wastewater from the Hetao irrigation area, which had relatively high levels of PFASs and was dominated by perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA). The PFAS concentrations in water samples collected during the dry season were higher than those collected in the wet season, being affected by the increased production of short-chain PFASs and seasonal changes in the amount of water from the Yellow River. The results of PFOS/PFOA, PFOA/PFNA, and PFHpA/PFOA indicated that the PFASs in the study area originate from atmospheric deposition and point source pollution. The risk assessment results showed that the current risk level from PFOA and PFOS in the study area is relatively low but their long-term cumulative effects cannot be ignored due to the cumulative characteristics and long-distance migration ability of PFASs.
多氟烷基物质（PFASs）在含PFASs产品的长期生产和使用过程中，通过多介质扩散和长距离迁移进入环境。本研究分析了乌梁素海流域干湿季地表水样品中的17种PFASs，调查了研究区域内PFASs的时空分布特征、潜在来源及生态风险。所有地表水样品中均检测到PFASs，浓度范围为4.00至263.45 ng·L。PFASs的空间分布受当地人类活动影响，呈现两种主要特征类型。第一种与黄河水和运河水有关，PFASs浓度相对较低，以全氟丁酸（PFBA）为主。第二种与接纳河套灌区工业、农业和生活废水的排水和湖水有关，PFASs含量相对较高，以全氟辛酸（PFOA）为主。枯水期采集的水样中PFASs浓度高于丰水期，这受到短链PFASs产量增加和黄河水量季节性变化的影响。PFOS/PFOA、PFOA/PFNA和PFHpA/PFOA的结果表明，研究区域内的PFASs来源于大气沉降和点源污染。风险评估结果表明，研究区域内PFOA和PFOS目前的风险水平相对较低，但由于PFASs的累积特性和长距离迁移能力，其长期累积效应不容忽视。
