Georgia State University, United States.
University of Louisville, United States.
J Health Econ. 2021 May;77:102451. doi: 10.1016/j.jhealeco.2021.102451. Epub 2021 Mar 8.
Recent studies suggest ridesharing services, such as Uber and Lyft, may reduce instances of intoxicated driving. However, such services may reduce the costs, and thus increase the frequency and intensity, of drinking activity. To examine whether ridesharing affects alcohol consumption, we leverage spatial and temporal variation in the presence of Uber's taxi-like service, UberX, across the United States. Using self-reported measures of alcohol consumption in the past 30 days among individuals aged 21 to 64, we find that UberX is associated with a 3.6% increase in number of drinks per drinking day, a 2.7% increase in drinking days, a 5.4% increase in total drinks, a 4.3% increase in the maximum number of drinks in a single occasion, and a 1.3% increase in those who report drinking any alcohol. For certain groups, such as males, individuals aged 21-34, and students, UberX is associated with even larger increases in drinking. For example, among those aged 21-34, total drinks increase by 7.4% and binge drinking instances increase by 9.5%. We also find that the marginal impact of Uber on drinking is larger in areas that have weaker public transit. Using administrative employment data, we find that some of the additional alcohol consumption is occurring at bars. Specifically, we estimate that UberX is associated with a 3.5% increase in employment and a 3.7% increase in total earnings among workers at NAICS-designated "drinking places".
最近的研究表明，拼车服务，如优步（Uber）和来福车（Lyft），可能会减少醉酒驾车的情况。然而，这种服务可能会降低成本，从而增加饮酒活动的频率和强度。为了研究拼车是否会影响饮酒行为，我们利用优步的出租车服务优步 X（UberX）在美国各地的存在的时空变化来进行分析。使用 21 至 64 岁人群过去 30 天内的自我报告饮酒量数据，我们发现优步 X 与饮酒量增加 3.6%、饮酒天数增加 2.7%、总饮酒量增加 5.4%、单次饮酒量最高值增加 4.3%以及报告饮酒的人数增加 1.3%有关。对于某些群体，如男性、21-34 岁的人群和学生，优步 X 与饮酒量增加的关联更大。例如，在 21-34 岁的人群中，总饮酒量增加 7.4%，狂饮事件增加 9.5%。我们还发现，优步对饮酒的边际影响在公共交通较弱的地区更大。利用行政就业数据，我们发现一些额外的饮酒量是在酒吧消费的。具体来说，我们估计优步 X 与指定为“饮酒场所”的北美产业分类体系（NAICS）工人的就业人数增加 3.5%和总薪酬增加 3.7%有关。
