水果和蔬菜的多样性、饮食质量与老年人地中海饮食人群的生活方式。

Variety in fruits and vegetables, diet quality and lifestyle in an older adult mediterranean population.

机构信息

Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Department de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Unitat de Nutrició, Reus, Spain; Institut D'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; University Hospital of Sant Joan de Reus, Nutrition Unit, Reus, Spain; Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.

出版信息

Clin Nutr. 2021 Apr;40(4):1510-1518. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2021.02.024. Epub 2021 Feb 24.

DOI:10.1016/j.clnu.2021.02.024

PMID:33743286

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND AIMS

Previous studies, mainly focused on quantity rather than variety, have shown beneficial associations between the amount of fruit and vegetable consumed, diet quality and healthy lifestyle. The aim is to evaluate the association between fruit and vegetable consumption, diet quality and lifestyle in an elderly Mediterranean population, considering both variety and the combination of quantity and variety (QV).

METHODS

A cross-sectional analysis of 6647 participants (51.6% of males) was conducted in the framework of the PREDIMED-Plus study. A variety score was created as the sum of vegetables and/or fruits consumed at least once per month using food frequency questionnaires. Dietary Reference Intakes (EAR and IA values) were used to estimate the prevalence of inadequate intake of dietary fiber and micronutrients. Logistic regression models were performed to examine the association between fruit and vegetable consumption and not meeting the DRIs, by tertiles of fruit and vegetable variety and QV categories.

RESULTS

Participants with higher fruit and vegetable variety score reported a significant higher intake of fiber, vitamins, minerals and flavonoids and were significantly more likely to be physically active and non-smoker. Besides, higher variety in fruit and vegetable consumption was associated with lower prevalence of having an inadequate intake of fiber [(0.13 (0.11-0.16)], two or more [(0.17 (0.14-0.21)], three or more [(0.15 (0.13-0.18)] and four or more [(0.11 (0.10-0.14)] micronutrients in our participants. Higher quantity and variety in fruit and vegetable consumption was associated with lower prevalence of having an inadequate intake of fiber [(0.05 (0.04-0.06)], two or more [(0.08 (0.06-0.10)], three or more [(0.08 (0.06-0.09)] and four or more [(0.06 (0.05-0.07)] micronutrients.

CONCLUSION

Greater variety in fruit and vegetable intake was associated with better nutrient adequacy, diet quality and healthier lifestyle in an elderly Mediterranean population.

摘要

背景与目的

先前的研究主要集中在数量上，而不是种类上，这些研究表明，水果和蔬菜的摄入量、饮食质量和健康的生活方式之间存在有益的关联。本研究旨在评估在老年地中海人群中，考虑到种类和数量与种类的组合（QV），水果和蔬菜的摄入量、饮食质量和生活方式之间的关联。

方法

在 PREDIMED-Plus 研究的框架内，对 6647 名参与者（51.6%为男性）进行了横断面分析。使用食物频率问卷，将至少每月食用一次蔬菜和/或水果的次数相加，创建一个种类分数。使用膳食参考摄入量（EAR 和 IA 值）来估计膳食纤维和微量营养素摄入不足的流行率。采用逻辑回归模型，按水果和蔬菜种类和 QV 类别的三分位进行分析，研究水果和蔬菜摄入量与未达到 DRIs 的关联。

结果

水果和蔬菜种类得分较高的参与者报告膳食纤维、维生素、矿物质和类黄酮的摄入量显著增加，且更有可能积极运动和不吸烟。此外，水果和蔬菜摄入量的种类增加与膳食纤维摄入不足的流行率降低有关，包括[0.13（0.11-0.16）]、[0.17（0.14-0.21）]、[0.15（0.13-0.18）]和[0.11（0.10-0.14）]。更高的水果和蔬菜的数量和种类与膳食纤维摄入不足的流行率降低有关，包括[0.05（0.04-0.06）]、[0.08（0.06-0.10）]、[0.08（0.06-0.09）]和[0.06（0.05-0.07）]。