Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, 6200 MD, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, 6200 MD, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2021 May 6;31(5):1579-1585. doi: 10.1016/j.numecd.2021.01.010. Epub 2021 Jan 29.
Extensive research showed a diurnal rhythm of endogenous cholesterol synthesis, whereas recent research reported no diurnal rhythm of intestinal cholesterol absorption in males who consumed low-fat meals. Little is known about the acute effect of macronutrient consumption on cholesterol metabolism, and hence if meal composition may explain this absence of rhythmicity in cholesterol absorption. Therefore, we examined the effect of a high-fat, high-carbohydrate, and high-protein meal on postprandial intestinal cholesterol absorption and endogenous cholesterol synthesis in apparently healthy overweight and slightly obese males.
Eighteen males consumed in random order an isoenergetic high-fat, high-carbohydrate, and high-protein meal on three occasions. Serum total cholesterol concentrations, cholesterol absorption markers (campesterol, cholestanol, and sitosterol), and cholesterol synthesis intermediates (7-dehydrocholesterol, 7-dehydrodesmosterol, desmosterol, dihydrolanosterol, lanosterol, lathosterol, zymostenol, and zymosterol) were measured at baseline (T0) and 240 min postprandially (T240). Meal consumption did not significantly change total cholesterol concentrations and cholesterol absorption marker levels (all p > 0.05). Serum levels of 7-dehydrocholesterol, lanosterol, lathosterol, zymostenol, and zymosterol decreased significantly between T0 and T240 (all p < 0.05). These decreases were not significantly different between the three meals (all p > 0.05), except for a larger decrease in dihydrolanosterol levels after the high-fat versus the high-carbohydrate meal (p = 0.009).
The high-fat, high-carbohydrate, and high-protein meal did not significantly influence postprandial intestinal cholesterol absorption. Several cholesterol synthesis intermediates decreased postprandially, but the individual macronutrients did not differentially affect these intermediates, except for a possible effect on dihydrolanosterol.
ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03139890.
大量研究表明内源性胆固醇合成存在昼夜节律，而最近的研究报道低脂饮食男性的肠道胆固醇吸收不存在昼夜节律。人们对宏量营养素摄入对胆固醇代谢的急性影响知之甚少，因此，我们想知道膳食组成是否可以解释胆固醇吸收的这种无节律性。因此，我们研究了高脂肪、高碳水化合物和高蛋白膳食对健康超重和轻度肥胖男性餐后肠道胆固醇吸收和内源性胆固醇合成的影响。
18 名男性随机顺序摄入等能量的高脂肪、高碳水化合物和高蛋白膳食，共 3 次。在基线（T0）和餐后 240 分钟（T240）时测量血清总胆固醇浓度、胆固醇吸收标志物（菜油固醇、胆甾烷醇和谷甾醇）和胆固醇合成中间产物（7-脱氢胆固醇、7-脱氢去甲胆固醇、去甲胆固醇、二氢羊毛固醇、羊毛固醇、豆固醇、酵母固醇和豆固醇）。膳食摄入未显著改变总胆固醇浓度和胆固醇吸收标志物水平（均 P＞0.05）。血清 7-脱氢胆固醇、羊毛固醇、豆固醇、酵母固醇和豆固醇水平在 T0 与 T240 之间显著下降（均 P＜0.05）。这 3 种膳食之间的下降无显著差异（均 P＞0.05），但高脂肪餐与高碳水化合物餐相比，二氢羊毛固醇水平的下降更大（P=0.009）。
高脂肪、高碳水化合物和高蛋白膳食对餐后肠道胆固醇吸收无显著影响。几种胆固醇合成中间产物餐后下降，但个别宏量营养素对这些中间产物的影响无差异，二氢羊毛固醇可能除外。
ClinicalTrials.gov，NCT03139890。
