Department of Polymer and Process Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, G. T. Road, PO Box 54890, Lahore, Pakistan.
Department of Polymer and Process Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, G. T. Road, PO Box 54890, Lahore, Pakistan; Department of Aerospace Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, PO Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
Int J Biol Macromol. 2021 Jun 30;181:1-29. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.03.057. Epub 2021 Mar 17.
Renewable resources including polycarbohydrates, lignin, proteins, and polyacids are the intrinsically valuable class of materials that are naturally available in great quantities. Their utilization as green additives and reinforcing bio-fillers, in substitution of environmentally perilous petroleum-based fillers, for developing high-performance green rubber blends and composites is presently a highly tempting option. Blending of these renewable materials with elastomers is not straight-forward and research needs to exploit the high functionality of carbohydrates and other natural materials as proper physicochemical interactions are essential. Correlating and understanding the structural properties of lignin, carbohydrates, polyacids, and other biopolymers, before their incorporation in elastomers, is a potential approach towards the development of green elastomers for value-added applications. Promising properties i.e., biodegradability, biocompatibility, morphological characteristics, high mechanical properties, thermal stability, sustainability, and various other characteristics along with recent advancements in the development of green elastomers are reviewed in this paper. Structures, viability, interactions, properties, and use of most common natural polycarbohydrates (chitosan and starch), lignin, and proteins (collagen and gelatin) for elastomer modification are extensively reviewed. Challenges in commercialization, applications, and future perspectives of green elastomers are also discussed. Sustainability analysis of green elastomers is accomplished to elaborate their cost-effectiveness and environmental friendliness.
可再生资源包括多糖、木质素、蛋白质和聚酸，它们是具有内在价值的一类材料，在自然界中大量存在。将它们作为绿色添加剂和增强型生物填充剂来替代对环境有害的石油基填充剂，用于开发高性能的绿色橡胶共混物和复合材料，目前是一个极具吸引力的选择。将这些可再生材料与弹性体混合并不简单，需要研究如何利用碳水化合物和其他天然材料的高功能性，因为适当的物理化学相互作用是必不可少的。在将木质素、碳水化合物、聚酸和其他生物聚合物掺入弹性体之前，对它们的结构性能进行关联和理解，是开发用于增值应用的绿色弹性体的一种潜在方法。本文综述了绿色弹性体的有前途的特性，如生物降解性、生物相容性、形态特征、高机械性能、热稳定性、可持续性和其他各种特性，以及绿色弹性体的最新发展。广泛综述了最常见的天然多糖（壳聚糖和淀粉）、木质素和蛋白质（胶原蛋白和明胶）用于弹性体改性的结构、可行性、相互作用、性能和用途。还讨论了绿色弹性体在商业化、应用和未来前景方面的挑战。对绿色弹性体进行可持续性分析，以详细说明其成本效益和环境友好性。
