Department of Orthopaedics, University of Utah, 590 Wakara Way, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, United States.
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Marquette University, 1515 W Wisconsin Ave, Milwaukee, WI 53233, United States.
J Biomech. 2021 May 7;120:110344. doi: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2021.110344. Epub 2021 Mar 10.
The introduction of biplane fluoroscopy has created the ability to evaluate in vivo motion, enabling six degree-of-freedom measurement of the tibiotalar and subtalar joints. Although the International Society of Biomechanics defines a standard method of assigning local coordinate systems for the ankle joint complex, standards for the tibiotalar and subtalar joints are lacking. The objective of this systematic review was to summarize and appraise the existing literature that (1) defined coordinate systems for the tibia, talus, and/or calcaneus or (2) assigned kinematic definitions for the tibiotalar and/or subtalar joints. A systematic literature search was developed with search results limited to English Language from 2006 through 2020. Articles were screened by two independent reviewers based on title and abstract. Methodological quality was evaluated using a modified assessment tool. Following screening, 52 articles were identified as having met inclusion criteria. Methodological assessment of these articles varied in quality from 61 to 97. Included articles adopted primary methods for defining coordinate systems that included: (1) anatomical coordinate system (ACS) based on individual bone landmarks and/or geometric shapes, (2) orthogonal principal axes, and (3) interactive closest point (ICP) registration. Common methods for calculating kinematics included: (1) joint coordinate system (JCS) to calculate rotation and translation, (2) Cardan/Euler sequences, and (3) inclination and deviation angles for helical angles. The methods each have strengths and weaknesses. This summarized knowledge should provide the basis for the foot and ankle biomechanics community to create an accepted standard for calculating and reporting tibiotalar and subtalar kinematics.
双平面透视的引入创造了评估活体运动的能力，能够实现距骨和跟骨以及距下关节的六自由度测量。尽管国际生物力学学会为踝关节复合体定义了分配局部坐标系的标准方法，但距骨和跟骨的标准尚不完善。本系统评价的目的是总结和评价现有的文献，这些文献（1）定义了胫骨、距骨和/或跟骨的坐标系，或（2）为距下和/或距下关节分配运动学定义。制定了一个系统的文献检索，结果仅限于 2006 年至 2020 年的英语文献。文章由两名独立评审员根据标题和摘要进行筛选。使用改良的评估工具评估方法学质量。筛选后，确定 52 篇文章符合纳入标准。这些文章的方法学评估质量从 61 到 97 不等。纳入的文章采用了主要的坐标系定义方法，包括：（1）基于个体骨骼标志和/或几何形状的解剖坐标系（ACS），（2）正交主轴，以及（3）交互最近点（ICP）注册。常见的运动学计算方法包括：（1）关节坐标系（JCS）计算旋转和平移，（2）卡丹/欧拉序列，以及（3）螺旋角的倾斜和偏差角。这些方法各有优缺点。这一总结的知识应该为足踝生物力学界提供基础，以制定一种公认的标准，用于计算和报告距骨和跟骨的运动学。
