Department of Psychology, Temple University, Weiss Hall, 1701 North 13th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA.
J Youth Adolesc. 2021 Dec;50(12):2265-2278. doi: 10.1007/s10964-021-01421-3. Epub 2021 Mar 20.
Social media engagement is common among adolescents, yet not all adolescents use social media in the same ways or experience the same adjustment correlates. This study examined four social media behaviors (self-disclosure, self-presentation, lurking, and social monitoring) and two time-based measures of social media use (daily number of hours on social media and frequency of social media use) on three developmentally relevant adjustment correlates (internalizing problems, prosocial support, and online peer victimization). Self-report data were collected from 426 middle-school students (54.2% female, 73.6% Caucasian, 11.5% Black, 4.8% Hispanic, 10.1% other ethnicity, mean age = 12.91). The findings showed distinct adjustment patterns among the social media engagement indices, as well as sex and age differences. Neither the number of hours on social media nor social monitoring were associated with any adjustment correlates; however, the frequency of social media use was associated with positive adjustment (less internalizing problems and more prosocial support), primarily for older adolescents. Self-disclosure was positively associated with online peer victimization (girls only) and prosocial support. Self-presentation was associated with higher levels of internalizing problems and online peer victimization, as well as less prosocial support for younger adolescents and boys. Lurking was positively associated with internalizing problems. The findings suggest the need to consider specific types of social media engagement when creating prevention and intervention programs to address adolescent maladjustment.
社交媒体的使用在青少年中很普遍，但并非所有青少年都以相同的方式使用社交媒体，也并非都经历相同的调整相关因素。本研究考察了四种社交媒体行为（自我表露、自我呈现、潜水和社交监控）以及两种基于时间的社交媒体使用指标（每天在社交媒体上花费的小时数和社交媒体使用的频率）与三个与发展相关的调整相关因素（内化问题、亲社会支持和在线同伴侵害）之间的关系。本研究从 426 名中学生（54.2%为女性，73.6%为白种人，11.5%为黑人，4.8%为西班牙裔，10.1%为其他种族，平均年龄为 12.91 岁）中收集了自我报告数据。研究结果显示，在社交媒体参与指数、性别和年龄方面存在明显的调整模式差异。社交媒体上的时间数量和社交监控都与任何调整相关因素都没有关联；然而，社交媒体使用的频率与积极的调整（较少的内化问题和更多的亲社会支持）相关，主要是针对年龄较大的青少年。自我表露与在线同伴侵害（仅女孩）和亲社会支持呈正相关。自我呈现与内化问题和在线同伴侵害呈正相关，与亲社会支持呈负相关，主要针对年龄较小的青少年和男孩。潜水与内化问题呈正相关。这些发现表明，在制定预防和干预青少年适应不良的计划时，需要考虑特定类型的社交媒体参与。
