Griffith University, School of Applied Psychology, Southport, QLD, 4222, Australia.
J Youth Adolesc. 2021 Dec;50(12):2311-2323. doi: 10.1007/s10964-020-01367-y. Epub 2021 Jan 15.
Most adolescents and young adults navigate seamlessly between offline and online social environments, and interactions in each environment brings with it opportunities for appearance concerns and preoccupation, as well as victimization and teasing about appearance. Yet, research has concentrated primarily on face-to-face victimization and its role in offline appearance anxiety symptoms in adolescents and young adults. To extend this to include cyber-victimization and online behaviors indicative of appearance anxiety, the present longitudinal study investigated the risk of face-to-face and cyber-victimization for offline appearance anxiety and online appearance preoccupation. Participants were 650 adolescents age 15 to 19 years (M = 17.3 years, 59% female) who completed two surveys over one-year. Correlations identified both forms of victimization as associated with offline appearance anxiety and online appearance preoccupation. Yet, in a structural equation model, face-to-face peer victimization, but not cyber-victimization, was uniquely associated with increased offline appearance anxiety and online appearance preoccupation from T1 to T2. Offline appearance anxiety and online appearance preoccupation strongly covaried and were bidirectionally associated over time. Female gender and age were associated with more anxiety and preoccupation. When gender moderation was tested, only the stability in appearance anxiety was moderated, with greater stability in females than males. Overall, offline and online appearance anxieties are highly interrelated and share a common risk factor in face-to-face appearance-related victimization by peers.
大多数青少年和年轻人可以在离线和在线社交环境之间无缝切换，并且在每个环境中的互动都为外貌关注和沉迷、以及因外貌而遭受的伤害和嘲笑提供了机会。然而，研究主要集中在面对面的伤害及其在青少年和年轻人中的线下外貌焦虑症状中的作用。为了将其扩展到包括网络伤害和在线行为表明的外貌焦虑，本纵向研究调查了面对面和网络伤害对线下外貌焦虑和在线外貌沉迷的风险。参与者为 650 名年龄在 15 至 19 岁之间的青少年（M=17.3 岁，59%为女性），他们在一年中完成了两次调查。相关性表明，这两种形式的伤害都与线下外貌焦虑和在线外貌沉迷有关。然而，在结构方程模型中，面对面的同伴伤害，而不是网络伤害，与从 T1 到 T2 增加的线下外貌焦虑和在线外貌沉迷有独特的关联。线下外貌焦虑和在线外貌沉迷高度相关，并且随着时间的推移呈双向关联。女性性别和年龄与更多的焦虑和沉迷有关。当测试性别调节时，只有外貌焦虑的稳定性被调节，女性的稳定性大于男性。总体而言，线下和在线的外貌焦虑高度相关，并且在面对面的同伴外貌相关伤害方面有共同的风险因素。
