Sousa A I P, Silva C R, Costa-Júnior H N, Silva N C S, Pinto J A O, Blank A F, Soares A M S, Costa-Júnior L M
Laboratory of Plant Biochemistry, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brazil.
Laboratory of Parasite Control, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brazil.
J Helminthol. 2021 Mar 22;95:e17. doi: 10.1017/S0022149X21000080.
The continuous use of synthetic anthelmintics against gastrointestinal nematodes (GINs) has resulted in the increased resistance, which is why alternative methods are being sought, such as the use of natural products. Plant essential oils (EOs) have been considered as potential products for the control of GINs. However, the chemical composition and, consequently, the biological activity of EOs vary in different plant cultivars. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anthelmintic activity of EOs from cultivars of Ocimum basilicum L. and that of their major constituents against Haemonchus contortus. The EOs from 16 cultivars as well the pure compound linalool, methyl chavicol, citral and eugenol were used in the assessment of the inhibition of H. contortus egg hatch. In addition, the composition of three cultivars was simulated using a combination of the two major compounds from each. The EOs from different cultivars showed mean Inhibition Concentration (IC50) varying from 0.56 to 2.22 mg/mL. The cultivar with the highest egg-hatch inhibition, Napoletano, is constituted mainly of linalool and methyl chavicol. Among the individual compounds tested, citral was the most effective (IC50 0.30 mg/mL). The best combination of compounds was obtained with 11% eugenol plus 64% linalool (IC50 0.44 mg/mL), simulating the Italian Large Leaf (Richters) cultivar. We conclude that different cultivars of O. basilicum show different anthelmintic potential, with cultivars containing linalool and methyl chavicol being the most promising; and that citral or methyl chavicol isolated should also be considered for the development of new anthelmintic formulations.
持续使用合成驱虫药对抗胃肠道线虫（GINs）已导致耐药性增加，这就是人们正在寻找替代方法的原因，比如使用天然产物。植物精油（EOs）已被视为控制GINs的潜在产品。然而，不同植物品种的精油化学成分不同，其生物活性也因此存在差异。本研究旨在评估罗勒（Ocimum basilicum L.）不同品种的精油及其主要成分对捻转血矛线虫（Haemonchus contortus）的驱虫活性。使用16个品种的精油以及纯化合物芳樟醇、甲基丁香酚、柠檬醛和丁香酚来评估对捻转血矛线虫虫卵孵化的抑制作用。此外，从每个品种中选取两种主要化合物进行组合，模拟了三个品种的成分。不同品种的精油显示出平均抑制浓度（IC50）在0.56至2.22毫克/毫升之间变化。虫卵孵化抑制率最高的品种那不勒斯（Napoletano）主要由芳樟醇和甲基丁香酚组成。在所测试的单一化合物中，柠檬醛最有效（IC50为0.30毫克/毫升）。通过11%丁香酚加64%芳樟醇的组合获得了最佳化合物组合（IC50为0.44毫克/毫升），模拟了意大利大叶（Richters）品种。我们得出结论，罗勒的不同品种表现出不同的驱虫潜力，含有芳樟醇和甲基丁香酚的品种最具前景；分离得到的柠檬醛或甲基丁香酚也应考虑用于开发新的驱虫制剂。
