Office of Disease Prevention, Division of Program Coordination Planning, and Strategic Initiatives, Office of the Director, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland.
Office of Disease Prevention, Division of Program Coordination Planning, and Strategic Initiatives, Office of the Director, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland.
Am J Prev Med. 2021 Jun;60(6):e261-e268. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2021.01.006. Epub 2021 Mar 18.
This manuscript characterizes primary and secondary prevention research in humans and related methods research funded by NIH in 2012‒2019.
The NIH Office of Disease Prevention updated its prevention research taxonomy in 2019‒2020 and applied it to a sample of 14,523 new extramural projects awarded in 2012-2019. All projects were coded manually for rationale, exposures, outcomes, population focus, study design, and type of prevention research. All results are based on that manual coding.
Taxonomy updates resulted in a slight increase, from an average of 16.7% to 17.6%, in the proportion of prevention research awards for 2012‒2017; there was a further increase to 20.7% in 2019. Most of the leading risk factors for death and disability in the U.S. were observed as an exposure or outcome in <5% of prevention research projects in 2019 (e.g., diet, 3.7%; tobacco, 3.9%; blood pressure, 2.8%; obesity, 4.4%). Analysis of existing data became more common (from 36% to 46.5%), whereas randomized interventions became less common (from 20.5% to 12.3%). Randomized interventions addressing a leading risk factor in a minority health or health disparities population were uncommon.
The number of new NIH awards classified as prevention research increased to 20.7% in 2019. New projects continued to focus on observational studies and secondary data analysis in 2018 and 2019. Additional research is needed to develop and test new interventions or develop methods for the dissemination of existing interventions, which address the leading risk factors, particularly in minority health and health disparities populations.
本文描述了 2012 年至 2019 年期间 NIH 资助的人类一级和二级预防研究及其相关方法研究。
NIH 疾病预防办公室在 2019 年至 2020 年更新了其预防研究分类法，并将其应用于 2012 年至 2019 年期间授予的 14523 项新的校外项目样本中。所有项目均通过手动编码进行了研究理由、暴露因素、结果、人群重点、研究设计和预防研究类型的编码。所有结果均基于该手动编码。
分类法更新导致 2012-2017 年期间预防研究奖的比例略有增加，从平均 16.7%增加到 17.6%；2019 年进一步增加到 20.7%。在美国，导致死亡和残疾的主要风险因素中，仅有不到 5%（如饮食 3.7%、烟草 3.9%、血压 2.8%、肥胖 4.4%）的预防研究项目将其作为暴露或结果进行了观察。分析现有数据的项目变得更加常见（从 36%增加到 46.5%），而随机干预措施则变得更加少见（从 20.5%减少到 12.3%）。针对少数族裔健康或健康差异人群中的主要风险因素的随机干预措施并不常见。
2019 年，被归类为预防研究的 NIH 新奖数量增加到 20.7%。新的项目在 2018 年和 2019 年继续侧重于观察性研究和二次数据分析。需要进一步研究以开发和测试针对主要风险因素的新干预措施或开发传播现有干预措施的方法，这些干预措施针对少数族裔健康和健康差异人群。
