Department of Fundamental Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1166 Liutai Avenue, Chengdu 611137, P.R. China.
College of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, P.R. China.
J Microbiol Biotechnol. 2021 Apr 28;31(4):510-519. doi: 10.4014/jmb.2009.09024.
The pathological impact of haze upon the phyllosphere microbiota awaits investigation. A moderate degree of haze environment and a clean control were selected in Chengdu, China. , a ubiquitously distributed and extensively applied Chinese herb, was also chosen for experiment. Total genome DNA was extracted from leaf samples, and for metagenome sequencing, an Illumina HiSeq 2500 platform was applied. The results showed that the gene numbers of phyllosphere microbiota derived from haze leaves were lower than those of the clean control. The phyllosphere microbiota derived from both haze and clean groups shared the same top ten phyla; the abundances of Proteobacteria, Actinomycetes and Anorthococcuso of the haze group were substantially increased, while Ascomycetes and Basidiomycetes decreased. At the genus level, the abundances of , , and from haze leaves were markedly increased, while the yeasts were statistically decreased. KEGG retrieval demonstrated that the functional genes were most annotated to metabolism. An interesting find of this work is that the phyllosphere microbiota responsible for the synthesis of primary and secondary metabolites in were significantly increased under a haze environment. Relatively enriched genes annotated by eggNOG belong to replication, recombination and repair, and genes classified into the glycoside hydrolase and glycosyltransferase enzymes were significantly increased. In summary, we found that both structure and function of phyllosphere microbiota are globally impacted by haze, while primary and secondary metabolites responsible for haze tolerance were considerably increased. These results suggest an adaptive strategy of plants for tolerating and confronting haze damage.
大气霾对叶际微生物组的病理学影响有待研究。本研究在中国成都选择了中度霾环境和清洁对照。同时，还选择了广泛分布和广泛应用的中药——作为实验对象。从叶片样本中提取总基因组 DNA，并应用 Illumina HiSeq 2500 平台进行宏基因组测序。结果表明，霾叶际微生物组的基因数量低于清洁对照。来自霾和清洁组的叶际微生物组共享相同的十大菌群；霾组的变形菌门、放线菌门和节杆菌属的丰度显著增加，而子囊菌门和担子菌门则减少。在属水平上，来自霾叶的、、和的丰度显著增加，而酵母菌则显著减少。KEGG 检索表明，功能基因主要注释为代谢。这项工作的一个有趣发现是，在霾环境下，负责 合成初生和次生代谢物的叶际微生物组显著增加。相对丰富的通过 eggNOG 注释的基因属于复制、重组和修复，分类为糖苷水解酶和糖基转移酶的基因显著增加。总之，我们发现霾对叶际微生物组的结构和功能都有全球性的影响，而对霾耐受性负责的初生和次生代谢物则显著增加。这些结果表明，植物具有耐受和应对霾伤害的适应性策略。
