Huber Brandon M, Louws Frank J, Hernández Ricardo
Department of Horticultural Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States.
Front Plant Sci. 2021 Mar 3;12:615853. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2021.615853. eCollection 2021.
Indoor growing systems with light-emitting diodes offer advantages for the growth of tomato seedlings through uniform and optimized environmental conditions which increase consistency between plants and growing cycles. CO enrichment has been shown to improve the yield of crops. Thus, this research aimed to characterize the effects of varied light intensities and CO enrichment on the growth, morphology, and production efficiency of tomato seedlings in indoor growing systems. Four tomato cultivars, "Florida-47 R," "Rebelski," "Maxifort," and "Shin Cheong Gang," were subjected to three different daily light integrals (DLIs) of 6.5, 9.7, and 13 mol m d with a percent photon flux ratio of 40 blue:60 red and an end-of-day far-red treatment of 5 mmol m d. The plants were also subjected to three different CO concentrations: 448 ± 32 (400-ambient), 1010 ± 45 (1000), and 1568 ± 129 (1600) μmol mol. Temperature was maintained at 24.3°C ± 0.48/16.8°C ± 1.1 (day/dark; 22.4°C average) and relative humidity at 52.56 ± 8.2%. Plant density was 1000 plants m until canopy closure. Morphological measurements were conducted daily to observe the growth response over time. In addition, data was collected to quantify the effects of each treatment. The results showed increases in growth rate with increases in the DLI and CO concentration. In addition, CO enrichment to 1000-1600 μmol mol increased the light use efficiency (g mol ) by 38-44%, and CO enrichment to 1600 μmol mol did not result in any additional increase on shoot fresh mass, shoot dry mass, and stem extension. However, the net photosynthetic rate obtained with 1600 μmol mol was 31 and 68% higher than those obtained with 1000 and 400 μmol mol, respectively. Furthermore, the comparison of the light and CO treatment combinations with the control (13 mol m d-400CO) revealed that the plants subjected to 6.5DLI-1600CO, 9.7DLI-1000CO, and 9.7DLI-1600CO treatment combinations exhibited the same growth rate as the control plants but with 25-50% less DLI. Furthermore, two treatment combinations (13.0DLI-1000CO and 13.0DLI-1600CO) were associated with the consumption of comparable amount of energy but increased plant growth by 24-33%.
带有发光二极管的室内种植系统，通过提供均匀且优化的环境条件，为番茄幼苗的生长带来了优势，这种环境条件提高了植株间以及生长周期的一致性。研究表明，二氧化碳富集可提高作物产量。因此，本研究旨在探究不同光照强度和二氧化碳富集对室内种植系统中番茄幼苗生长、形态及生产效率的影响。选用了四个番茄品种“Florida - 47 R”“Rebelski”“Maxifort”和“Shin Cheong Gang”，对其进行三种不同的日光照积分（DLI）处理，分别为6.5、9.7和13 mol·m⁻²·d⁻¹，蓝光与红光的光子通量比为40:60，日终远红光处理为5 mmol·m⁻²·d⁻¹。这些植株还被置于三种不同的二氧化碳浓度环境中：448 ± 32（400 - 环境浓度）、1010 ± 45（1000）和1568 ± 129（1600）μmol·mol⁻¹。温度维持在24.3°C ± 0.48/16.8°C ± 1.1（白天/黑夜；平均22.4°C），相对湿度为52.56 ± 8.2%。在冠层闭合前，种植密度为每平方米1000株。每天进行形态学测量以观察随时间的生长反应。此外，收集数据以量化每种处理的效果。结果表明，随着DLI和二氧化碳浓度的增加，生长速率提高。此外，将二氧化碳浓度富集到1000 - 1600 μmol·mol⁻¹可使光利用效率（g·mol⁻¹）提高38 - 44%，将二氧化碳浓度富集到1600 μmol·mol⁻¹对地上部鲜重、地上部干重和茎伸长没有进一步增加的效果。然而，1600 μmol·mol⁻¹处理下的净光合速率分别比1000 μmol·mol⁻¹和400 μmol·mol⁻¹处理下的高31%和68%。此外，将光照和二氧化碳处理组合与对照（13 mol·m⁻²·d⁻¹ - 400 μmol·mol⁻¹二氧化碳）进行比较发现，接受6.5 DLI - 1600 μmol·mol⁻¹二氧化碳、9.7 DLI - 1000 μmol·mol⁻¹二氧化碳和9.7 DLI - 1600 μmol·mol⁻¹二氧化碳处理组合的植株与对照植株生长速率相同，但DLI降低了25 - 50%。此外，两种处理组合（13.0 DLI - 1000 μmol·mol⁻¹二氧化碳和13.0 DLI - 1600 μmol·mol⁻¹二氧化碳）消耗的能量相当，但植株生长增加了24 - 33%。
