Lakmal Kasun, Yasawardene Pamodh, Jayarajah Umesh, Seneviratne Suranjith L
Department of Surgery Faculty of Medicine University of Colombo Colombo Sri Lanka.
Food Sci Nutr. 2021 Jan 23;9(3):1810-1823. doi: 10.1002/fsn3.2135. eCollection 2021 Mar.
Star fruit (), a popular fruit in many parts of the world, is considered to have many beneficial nutritional and medicinal effects. However, harmful nephrotoxic and neurotoxic effects have also been described. In this review, we have discussed the reported beneficial effects of star fruit, explored the potential mechanisms for such beneficial effects, and outline factors that may affect the safe level of consumption. The beneficial effects include the following: antioxidant (mediated via L-ascorbic acid, epicatechin, and gallic acid), hypoglycemic (mediated via high fiber levels and 2-dodecyl-6-methoxycyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione), hypotensive (mediated via apigenin), hypocholesterolemic (mediated via micronized fiber), anti-inflammatory, anti-infective, antitumor effects, and immune-boosting effects. The presence of chronic kidney disease, gastroenteropathies, chronic pancreatitis, dehydration, consumption on an empty stomach, and higher concentration of oxalate in fruit/juice consumed predisposes to toxicity. The level of ingestion at which the beneficial effects transition to nephrotoxicity and neurotoxicity is still to be accurately ascertained. Furthermore, the relationship between the amount of star fruit ingested and the severity of toxicity is not certain and warrants further study.
杨桃，一种在世界许多地方都很受欢迎的水果，被认为具有许多有益的营养和药用功效。然而，也有关于其有害的肾毒性和神经毒性作用的描述。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了已报道的杨桃的有益作用，探讨了这些有益作用的潜在机制，并概述了可能影响安全食用水平的因素。有益作用包括以下方面：抗氧化（通过L-抗坏血酸、表儿茶素和没食子酸介导）、降血糖（通过高纤维水平和2-十二烷基-6-甲氧基环己-2,5-二烯-1,4-二酮介导）、降血压（通过芹菜素介导）、降胆固醇（通过微粉化纤维介导）、抗炎、抗感染、抗肿瘤作用以及增强免疫作用。存在慢性肾脏疾病、胃肠疾病、慢性胰腺炎、脱水、空腹食用、食用的水果/果汁中草酸盐浓度较高等情况会增加中毒风险。有益作用转变为肾毒性和神经毒性的摄入水平仍有待准确确定。此外，杨桃的摄入量与毒性严重程度之间的关系尚不确定，值得进一步研究。
