Han Xuejiao, Li Xuemei, Xiao Yinan, Yang Ruoning, Wang Yang, Wei Xiawei
Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Quality Management Department, Southwestern Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.
Front Pediatr. 2021 Mar 4;9:619738. doi: 10.3389/fped.2021.619738. eCollection 2021.
SARS-CoV-2, a member of the family coronaviridae, has triggered a lethal pandemic termed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Pediatric patients, mainly from families with a cluster of infection or a history of exposure to epidemic areas, get infected via direct contacts or air-borne droplets. Children (aged below 18 years) are susceptible to COVID-19, with an average incubation period of about 6.5 days. Most cases present asymptomatic or common cold symptoms such as fever, cough, and myalgia or fatigue, which is milder than adult patients. Besides, most abnormal laboratory and radiologic findings in children with COVID-19 are non-specific. Since no specific chemotherapeutic agents have been approved for children, timely preventive methods could effectively forestall the transmission of SARS-CoV-2. To date, mostly studied cases have been adults with COVID-19, whereas data on pediatrics patients remain poorly defined. We herein conducted a literature review for papers published in PubMed and medRxiv (preprints) between December 2019 and December 2020 that reported on pediatrics patients (aged below 18 years) with a confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis. In this review, we summarized and discussed the pathogenesis, epidemiology, and clinical management of COVID-19 in pediatrics patients to improve our understanding of this new disease in children.
严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）是冠状病毒科的一员，引发了一场名为2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）的致命大流行。儿科患者主要来自有聚集性感染家庭或有疫区接触史的家庭，通过直接接触或空气传播飞沫感染。儿童（18岁以下）易感染COVID-19，平均潜伏期约为6.5天。大多数病例表现为无症状或普通感冒症状，如发热、咳嗽、肌痛或疲劳，症状比成年患者轻。此外，COVID-19儿童患者的大多数实验室和影像学异常表现不具有特异性。由于尚无针对儿童的特异性化疗药物获批，及时的预防方法可有效阻止SARS-CoV-2的传播。迄今为止，大多数研究病例为成年COVID-19患者，而儿科患者的数据仍不明确。我们在此对2019年12月至2020年12月期间发表在PubMed和medRxiv（预印本）上的关于确诊COVID-19的儿科患者（18岁以下）的论文进行了文献综述。在本综述中，我们总结并讨论了儿科患者COVID-19的发病机制、流行病学和临床管理，以增进我们对儿童这一新型疾病的了解。
