Kimera Fahad, Sewilam Hani, Fouad Walid M, Suloma Ashraf
Center for Applied Research on the Environment and Sustainability, The American University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt.
Department of Engineering Hydrology, The RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
Heliyon. 2021 Mar 10;7(3):e06423. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06423. eCollection 2021 Mar.
The concept of Integrating Aquaculture with Agriculture (IAA) is considered the right path towards achieving sustainable agriculture in semi and arid areas. With the increase of global water scarcity, the double utilization of water for both fish and crop production is gaining more attention since it ensures maximizing the productivity of every unit of water used. This study investigated the effect of fish effluent irrigation on the herbage growth, essential oil content, and composition of The experiment followed a randomized complete design of three irrigation treatments with three replicates, i.e., control with 100% chemical fertilizers (CT), full irrigation with fish effluent (FT), and the mixed treatment (MT) with 50% CT and 50% FT. Study findings showed that FT reached 49 branches/plant, gained maximum plant height (58.8cm), and highest fresh and dry herbage yield reaching 17.76 and 6.722 tons ha-1, respectively, in the second cut. Essential oil content reached the maximum in FT at 64.02dm ha-1 and 143.5dm ha-1, while the lowest in CT at 15.95dm ha-1 and 109.33dm ha-1 for the first cut and second, respectively. Carvacrol was the main constituent of the excreted essential oil, representing a maximum of 80.87% for FT in the first cut and 74.69% for MT in the second cut. It was closely followed by -Cymene (10.75% - CT, 6.38% - FT) and γ-Terpinene (5.06% - CT, 8.49% - FT) for the first and second cut respectively. The importance of these major chemical components stems from their use in both the food and pharmaceutical industries.
水产养殖与农业相结合（IAA）的理念被认为是半干旱和干旱地区实现可持续农业的正确途径。随着全球水资源短缺的加剧，水在鱼类和作物生产中的双重利用越来越受到关注，因为它能确保每单位用水的生产率最大化。本研究调查了鱼类废水灌溉对草本植物生长、精油含量及成分的影响。实验采用随机完全设计，设置三种灌溉处理，每种处理重复三次，即100%使用化肥的对照处理（CT）、完全使用鱼类废水灌溉（FT）以及50%CT和50%FT的混合处理（MT）。研究结果表明，在第二次刈割时，FT处理的植株达到49枝/株，株高最高（58.8厘米），鲜草和干草产量最高，分别达到17.76吨/公顷和6.722吨/公顷。第一次刈割时，FT处理的精油含量最高，为64.02立方分米/公顷，第二次刈割时为143.5立方分米/公顷；而CT处理在第一次和第二次刈割时的精油含量最低，分别为15.95立方分米/公顷和109.33立方分米/公顷。香芹酚是排出精油的主要成分，第一次刈割时FT处理中含量最高，达80.87%，第二次刈割时MT处理中为74.69%。其次分别是对伞花烃（第一次刈割时CT处理中为10.75%，FT处理中为6.38%）和γ-萜品烯（第一次刈割时CT处理中为5.06%，FT处理中为8.49%）。这些主要化学成分的重要性源于它们在食品和制药行业的应用。
