International UNESCO Center for Health Related Basic Sciences and Human Nutrition, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Division of Medical Education, Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Brighton, UK.
Phytother Res. 2021 Jul;35(7):3690-3701. doi: 10.1002/ptr.7066. Epub 2021 Mar 9.
Honey contains flavonoids and phenolic acids, and because of their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, they may play an important role in human health. The purpose of this review was to synthesize the effects of natural honey on pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. The effects of honey on wound healing and immunity appear to be inconsistent. The available databases )PubMed and Scopus) were searched and 42 studies were assessed. In patients with cancer, honey has been reported to inhibit the effects of pro-inflammatory factors such as TNF-α and IL-6. In patients with neuro-inflammatory disorders honey has been shown to inhibit the expression of pro-inflammatory markers. It has also been reported that honey can reduce TNF-α expression in conditions associated with liver injury, by suppressing TNF-α converting enzyme activity. Honey inhibits APAP-induced hepatocellular necrosis by modulating the expression of IL-10 and IL-1ß. Animal studies have shown that honey can reduce serum IL-1ß, IL-6 and TNF-α concentration and increase IL-10 concentrations in a model of gastric ulcer. Some studies in diabetics have shown that honey can reduce serum TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1ß and TGF-ß by inhibiting NF-Kß. The source and type of honey and its component have not been indicated in various clinical and practical studies, which are a limitation of these studies, in relation to reproducing them. Sigma, Manuka, Gelam and Tulang honey have been used in most of the in vitro and animal studies. The animal studies have demonstrated similar effects on pro-inflammatory factors, which include reducing serum TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β as well as increasing IL-10. There are few human RCTs investigating the effects of honey on inflammatory cytokines. Only one RCT has reported the type of honey that they have used. Tulang honey has been reported to increase serum TNF-α and decrease hs-CRP, which is therefore controversial. Further high-quality studies are needed to firmly establish the clinical efficacy of honey. Because most studies had used different duration, type of honey and dosage, which make them difficult to contextualize, as the phytochemical content of a honey may depend on its source. Furthermore, it is unclear whether honey's anti-inflammatory effects are related to its phenolic or tocopherol compounds, and whether its effects are greater than these individual components.
蜂蜜含有类黄酮和酚酸，由于其具有抗氧化和抗炎特性，因此它们可能在人类健康中发挥重要作用。本综述的目的是综合天然蜂蜜对前炎症细胞因子和抗炎细胞因子的影响。蜂蜜对伤口愈合和免疫的影响似乎不一致。检索了可用数据库（PubMed 和 Scopus），并评估了 42 项研究。在癌症患者中，蜂蜜已被报道能抑制 TNF-α和 IL-6 等促炎因子的作用。在神经炎症性疾病患者中，蜂蜜已被证明能抑制促炎标志物的表达。据报道，蜂蜜还可以通过抑制 TNF-α转化酶的活性，降低与肝损伤相关的条件下 TNF-α的表达。蜂蜜通过调节 IL-10 和 IL-1ß的表达，抑制 APAP 诱导的肝细胞坏死。动物研究表明，蜂蜜可以降低胃溃疡模型中血清 IL-1ß、IL-6 和 TNF-α的浓度，并增加 IL-10 的浓度。一些糖尿病患者的研究表明，蜂蜜可以通过抑制 NF-Kß来降低血清 TNF-α、IL-6、IL-1ß和 TGF-ß的浓度。在各种临床和实际研究中，蜂蜜的来源、类型及其成分都没有被指出，这是这些研究的一个局限性，难以对其进行复制。在大多数体外和动物研究中，西格玛、麦卢卡、凝胶和图朗蜂蜜都被使用。动物研究表明，蜂蜜对前炎症因子具有类似的作用，包括降低血清 TNF-α、IL-6 和 IL-1β，同时增加 IL-10。只有少数人类 RCT 研究了蜂蜜对炎症细胞因子的影响。只有一项 RCT 报告了他们使用的蜂蜜类型。图朗蜂蜜被报道会增加血清 TNF-α并降低 hs-CRP，因此存在争议。需要进一步开展高质量的研究，以确定蜂蜜的临床疗效。由于大多数研究使用了不同的持续时间、蜂蜜类型和剂量，因此很难进行背景化分析，因为蜂蜜的植物化学成分可能取决于其来源。此外，尚不清楚蜂蜜的抗炎作用是否与其酚类或生育酚化合物有关，以及其作用是否大于这些单个成分。
