Li Jingjing, Wang Jie, Wang Yicong, Yang Wenchao
College of Bee Science and Biomedicine, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
Foods. 2025 Jul 4;14(13):2376. doi: 10.3390/foods14132376.
honey (SH) is produced from the nectar of by worker bees. Due to its unique properties and potential biological activities, this winter honey has attracted much attention. In this study, the physicochemical characteristics, antioxidant and antibacterial activities, antitumor effect against HepG2 cells, and its potential mechanisms of SH were systematically evaluated. The results showed that different SH samples differed significantly in their physicochemical characteristics. The 910 chemical components, including 52 kinds of phenols, phenolic acids, and flavonoids, were detected in the methanol extract of SH using UHPLC-MS/MS by non-targeted metabolomics. Based on our limited knowledge, solanine and soyasaponin I are the first determined components in honey, and they may be used as characteristic substances of SH for identification and adulteration. SH had a weaker inhibitory effect against and than MH (UMF 10+), analyzed by MBC and MIC assays. Network pharmacology analysis showed that 95 overlapping targets were found between the active ingredients of SH and liver cancer cells (HepG2), which were enriched in KEGG of the PI3K-Akt pathway, Lipid and atherosclerosis, Proteoglycans in cancer, etc. The IC of SH against HepG2 cells was 5.07% (dw/v), which is lower than the glucose, fructose, and sucrose contents in SH on HepG2 cells, of 16.24%, 9.60% dw/v, and 9.94% dw/v, respectively. SH significantly down-regulated the expression of EGFR, AKT1, and SRC in HepG2 cells ( < 0.05), determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit, and induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis by multiple pathways. These results provide a theoretical basis for its potential application in developing functional foods and additives.
蜂蜜（SH）由工蜂采集花蜜酿造而成。因其独特的性质和潜在的生物活性，这种冬蜜备受关注。本研究系统评估了SH的理化特性、抗氧化和抗菌活性、对HepG2细胞的抗肿瘤作用及其潜在机制。结果表明，不同的SH样品在理化特性上存在显著差异。采用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱非靶向代谢组学方法，在SH的甲醇提取物中检测到910种化学成分，包括52种酚类、酚酸和黄酮类化合物。据我们所知，茄碱和大豆皂苷I是首次在蜂蜜中测定的成分，它们可作为SH的特征物质用于鉴定和掺假检测。通过MBC和MIC测定分析，SH对[具体菌种1]和[具体菌种2]的抑制作用比麦卢卡蜂蜜（UMF 10+）弱。网络药理学分析表明，SH的活性成分与肝癌细胞（HepG2）之间存在95个重叠靶点，这些靶点富集在PI3K-Akt信号通路、脂质与动脉粥样硬化、癌症中的蛋白聚糖等KEGG通路中。SH对HepG2细胞的IC50为5.07%（dw/v），低于SH中葡萄糖、果糖和蔗糖对HepG2细胞的含量，分别为16.24%、9.60% dw/v和9.94% dw/v。通过酶联免疫吸附测定试剂盒测定，SH显著下调HepG2细胞中EGFR、AKT1和SRC的表达（P<0.05），并通过多种途径诱导细胞周期阻滞和凋亡。这些结果为其在开发功能性食品和添加剂中的潜在应用提供了理论依据。
