Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
Curr Probl Cancer. 2021 Oct;45(5):100726. doi: 10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2021.100726. Epub 2021 Mar 5.
Hematological malignancies are classified as a heterogeneous category of cancers with various degrees of incidence and prognosis and different etiologies. Due to their aggressive essence they should be diagnosed as early as possible to improve prognosis, treatment outcome and survival. Bases on the limitations of previously identified biomarkers in terms of sensitivity, specificity and predictability, it is necessary to develop new diagnostic tools and biomarkers for the early diagnosis of hematological malignancies. Exosomes are nanovesicles secreted by almost all cell types in both physiological and pathological conditions. They play major roles in intercellular communication and are recently being considered as disease biomarkers. These nanovesicles carry proteins, lipids and nucleic acids like microRNAs (miRNAs). miRNAs are small noncoding RNAs, which act as translational suppressors via regulating protein-coding genes. The aberrant expression of miRNAs has been shown in various conditions including hematological malignancies. Moreover, it is now known that tumor cells secrete higher amounts of exosomes compared to normal cells. The idea of using exosomal miRNAs in serum as biomarkers is based on their surprisingly high stability and specificity. In the present paper, we reviewed and recommended exosomal miRNA panels including (miR-150, miR-155 and miR-1246), (miR-17-5p, miR-20a-5p, miR-16-5p and miR-5a-5p), (miR-18a, Let-7b) and (miR192-5p, miR21-5p, miR320b and Let-7d), for their potential to be used as non-invasive biomarkers in different hematological malignancies such as multiple myeloma, leukemia, and lymphoma.
血液系统恶性肿瘤是一类具有不同发病率、预后和病因的异质性癌症。由于其侵袭性本质，应尽早诊断，以改善预后、治疗效果和生存。鉴于之前确定的生物标志物在敏感性、特异性和可预测性方面存在局限性，有必要开发新的诊断工具和生物标志物，以实现血液系统恶性肿瘤的早期诊断。外泌体是在生理和病理条件下几乎所有细胞类型分泌的纳米囊泡。它们在细胞间通讯中发挥重要作用，最近被认为是疾病的生物标志物。这些纳米囊泡携带蛋白质、脂质和核酸，如 microRNAs（miRNAs）。miRNAs 是小的非编码 RNA，通过调节蛋白编码基因来充当翻译抑制剂。miRNAs 的异常表达已在各种情况下显示出来，包括血液系统恶性肿瘤。此外，现在已知肿瘤细胞比正常细胞分泌更多的外泌体。将血清中外泌体 miRNAs 用作生物标志物的想法基于它们令人惊讶的高稳定性和特异性。在本文中，我们回顾并推荐了外泌体 miRNA 谱，包括（miR-150、miR-155 和 miR-1246）、（miR-17-5p、miR-20a-5p、miR-16-5p 和 miR-5a-5p）、（miR-18a、Let-7b）和（miR192-5p、miR21-5p、miR320b 和 Let-7d），因为它们具有成为多发性骨髓瘤、白血病和淋巴瘤等不同血液系统恶性肿瘤的非侵入性生物标志物的潜力。
