Wang Dennis K, Rahimi Maham, Filgueira Carly S
Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX; Department of Medical Education, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine Texas Tech Health Science Center, El Paso, TX, USA.
Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX; Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA.
Nanomedicine. 2021 Jun;34:102387. doi: 10.1016/j.nano.2021.102387. Epub 2021 Mar 20.
A large majority of cardiovascular nanomedicine research has focused on fabricating designer nanoparticles for improved targeting as a means to overcome biological barriers. For cardiac related disorders, such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, and myocardial infarction, designer micro or nanoparticles are often administered into the vasculature or targeted vessel with the hope to circumvent problems associated with conventional drug delivery, including negative systemic side effects. Additionally, novel nano-drug carriers that enter circulation can be selectively uptaken by immune cells with the intended purpose that they modulate inflammatory processes and migrate locally to plaque for therapeutic payload delivery. Indeed, innovative design in nanoparticle composition, formulation, and functionalization has advanced the field as a means to achieve therapeutic efficacy for a variety of cardiac disease indications. This perspective aims to discuss these advances and provide new interpretations of how nanotechnology can be best applied to aid in cardiovascular disease treatment. In an effort to spark discussions on where the field of research should go, we share our outlook in new areas of nanotechnological inclusion and integration, such as in vascular, implantable, or wearable device technologies as well as nanocomposites and nanocoatings. Further, as cardiovascular diseases (CVD) increasingly claim a number of lives globally, we propose more attention should be placed by researchers on nanotechnological approaches for risk factor treatment to aid in early prevention and treatment of CVD.
绝大多数心血管纳米医学研究都集中在制造定制纳米颗粒以改善靶向性，作为克服生物屏障的一种手段。对于与心脏相关的疾病，如动脉粥样硬化、高血压和心肌梗死，定制的微米或纳米颗粒通常通过血管系统或靶向血管给药，希望能规避与传统药物递送相关的问题，包括负面的全身副作用。此外，进入循环系统的新型纳米药物载体可以被免疫细胞选择性摄取，其预期目的是调节炎症过程并局部迁移到斑块以递送治疗性药物。事实上，纳米颗粒组成、配方和功能化方面的创新设计推动了该领域的发展，成为实现多种心脏病适应症治疗效果的一种手段。这篇综述旨在讨论这些进展，并对如何最好地应用纳米技术辅助心血管疾病治疗提供新的解读。为了引发关于该研究领域未来方向的讨论，我们分享了我们在纳米技术纳入和整合新领域的展望，如血管、可植入或可穿戴设备技术以及纳米复合材料和纳米涂层。此外，由于心血管疾病（CVD）在全球范围内导致越来越多的人死亡，我们建议研究人员应更多地关注纳米技术在危险因素治疗方面的应用，以帮助早期预防和治疗心血管疾病。
