Cellular & Molecular Biology Program, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58103, USA.
Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58103, USA.
Future Microbiol. 2021 Mar;16(5):341-368. doi: 10.2217/fmb-2020-0245. Epub 2021 Mar 23.
The development of a 'smart' drug capable of distinguishing tumor from host cells has been sought for centuries, but the microenvironment of solid tumors continues to confound therapeutics. Solid tumors present several challenges for current oncotherapeutics, including aberrant vascularization, hypoxia, necrosis, abnormally high pH and local immune suppression. While traditional chemotherapeutics are limited by such an environment, oncolytic microbes are drawn to it - having an innate ability to selectively infect, colonize and eradicate solid tumors. Development of an oncolytic species would represent a shift in the cancer therapeutic paradigm, with ramifications reaching from the medical into the socio-economic. Modern genetic engineering techniques could be implemented to customize 'Frankenstein' bacteria with advantageous characteristics from several species.
一种能够区分肿瘤细胞和宿主细胞的“智能”药物的研发已经持续了几个世纪，但实体瘤的微环境仍然给治疗带来了困扰。实体瘤给当前的肿瘤治疗带来了一些挑战，包括血管异常、缺氧、坏死、异常高的 pH 值和局部免疫抑制。虽然传统的化疗药物受到这种环境的限制，但溶瘤微生物却被吸引到这种环境中——它们具有先天的能力，可以选择性地感染、定植和清除实体瘤。溶瘤物种的开发将代表癌症治疗范式的转变，其影响范围从医学延伸到社会经济领域。现代基因工程技术可以用来定制具有几种优势特征的“弗兰肯斯坦”细菌。
