Center for Healthcare Organization and Implementation Research, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Department of Organizational Leadership, Policy, and Development, College of Education and Human Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
Clin Gerontol. 2022 Oct-Dec;45(5):1155-1166. doi: 10.1080/07317115.2021.1899092. Epub 2021 Mar 23.
The goal of this study was to investigate diversity in stakeholders' perspectives on how best to maximize older adults' well-being when they use long-term services and supports (LTSS).
We used Q methodology, an exploratory method, to investigate preference patterns among a purposive sample of older adults, family members, and leadership professionals (n = 57). Participants categorized 52 items related to 9 domains of LTSS quality relevant to well-being into categories of importance. We used factors analysis and qualitative methods to identify groups of individuals who identified similar priorities.
The analysis identified four shared viewpoints, each prioritizing different aspects of well-being: 1) physical health and safety; 2) independence; 3) emotional well-being; and 4) social engagement. Individual and contextual factors, including stakeholder role, care needs, and expectations for LTSS, appeared to influence participants' perspectives.
Distinct viewpoints on how to maximize well-being when older adults use LTSS exist. Our results affirm the importance of person-centered care yet demonstrate that shared preference patterns LTSS exist.
Engaging with older adults' values and preferences is critical to improving their experiences with LTSS. Better understanding common preference patterns could help providers deliver person-centered care more efficiently and effectively.
本研究旨在探讨利益相关者对如何最大限度地提高老年人使用长期服务和支持（LTSS）时的幸福感的观点的多样性。
我们使用了 Q 方法学，这是一种探索性方法，对 57 名有目的的老年人、家庭成员和领导专业人员样本的偏好模式进行了调查。参与者将 52 个与 9 个 LTSS 质量领域相关的项目分为重要性类别，这些领域与幸福感有关。我们使用因素分析和定性方法来确定具有相似优先级的个人群体。
分析确定了四个共同的观点，每个观点都优先考虑了幸福感的不同方面：1）身体健康和安全；2）独立；3）情绪健康；4）社交参与。个人和背景因素，包括利益相关者的角色、护理需求和对 LTSS 的期望，似乎影响了参与者的观点。
当老年人使用 LTSS 时，存在着不同的观点，认为如何最大限度地提高幸福感。我们的研究结果证实了以人为本的护理的重要性，但也表明存在着共同的 LTSS 偏好模式。
了解老年人的价值观和偏好对于改善他们对 LTSS 的体验至关重要。更好地了解共同的偏好模式可以帮助提供者更高效、更有效地提供以人为本的护理。
