简易事物（ET）观察性研究：那不勒斯北部2地方卫生单位对地中海饮食依从性的评估及营养干预计划的作用。

The Easy Thing (ET) observational study: evaluation of adherence to Mediterranean diet and role of a program of nutritional intervention performed by North Naples 2 Local Health Unit.

作者信息

Montella L, Liguori N, Tondini L, Castellone L, Pacella D, Del Prete S, Bove P, Berretta M, Vanni M, Facchini G

机构信息

Santa Maria delle Grazie Hospital, Medical Oncology Unit, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy.

出版信息

Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2021 Mar;25(5):2260-2269. doi: 10.26355/eurrev_202103_25258.

DOI:10.26355/eurrev_202103_25258

PMID:33755977

Abstract

OBJECTIVE

The present observational study has the aim to describe the nutritional habits and adherence to Mediterranean diet within a dietary intervention performed by North Naples 2 Local Health Unit in some areas of Campania region.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

A semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire which takes in consideration several kinds of food and the related daily or weekly portions has been administered to people evaluated in the study. An increased score reflects an increased adherence to Mediterranean diet. Patients have been grouped by age, body mass index, education, socio-economic level, income, and score reported to the administered survey. Nutritional intervention has also been evaluated as concerns weight reduction during time.

RESULTS

Surveys were administered to 200 patients aged from 12 to 79 years from 21 November 2018 to 27 November 2019. Obese patients were 61.5% in this population. 67.7% of obese people participating to this study had primary/lower secondary school education. 61.5% of study population have been categorized as having a low or low-medium socio-economic level and 68% of them were obese. An intermediate adherence to Mediterranean Diet has been the most represented (76.5%), a significant difference has been found among the groups normal weight, overweight and obese for the variables age, education and income. Obese patients in the present study had metabolic diseases more frequently than normal-weight patients.

CONCLUSIONS

A high rate of obese people requesting nutritional counseling showed intermediate/bad adherence to Mediterranean Diet, reflecting the diffuse change from Mediterranean Diet to Western habits in nutrition. The nutritional intervention was found to be effective, especially for overweight patients. These data underline the need for further larger epidemiological analysis and public health interventions.

摘要

目的

本观察性研究旨在描述那不勒斯北部第二地方卫生单位在坎帕尼亚地区某些区域进行的饮食干预中，人们的营养习惯和对地中海饮食的依从性。

患者与方法

对研究中评估的人群发放了一份半定量食物频率问卷，该问卷考虑了多种食物以及相关的每日或每周摄入量。得分增加反映对地中海饮食的依从性提高。患者按年龄、体重指数、教育程度、社会经济水平、收入以及所报告的调查问卷得分进行分组。还评估了营养干预在一段时间内对体重减轻的影响。

结果

2018年11月21日至2019年11月27日，对200名年龄在12至79岁的患者进行了调查。该人群中肥胖患者占61.5%。参与本研究的肥胖人群中，67.7%接受过小学/初中教育。研究人群中61.5%被归类为社会经济水平低或中低水平，其中68%为肥胖者。对地中海饮食的中等依从性最为常见（76.5%），在正常体重、超重和肥胖组之间，年龄、教育程度和收入变量存在显著差异。本研究中的肥胖患者比正常体重患者更频繁地患有代谢性疾病。