Centre for Global Health Research (CGHR), Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Kisumu, Kenya.
Johns Hopkins Center for Communication Programs, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Malar J. 2021 Mar 23;20(1):163. doi: 10.1186/s12936-021-03695-1.
Approximately 70% of Kenya's population is at risk for malaria. The core vector control methods in Kenya are insecticide-treated mosquito nets (ITNs) and indoor residual spraying, with supplementary larval source management. In 2015, 21% of ITNs were accessed through the private retail sector. Despite the private sector role in supplying mosquito control products (MCPs), there is little evidence on the availability, sales trends, and consumer preferences for MCPs other than ITNs. This study, a component of a larger research programme focused on evaluating a spatial repellent intervention class for mosquito-borne disease control, addressed this evidence gap on the role of the private sector in supplying MCPs.
A cross-sectional survey was deployed in a range of retail outlets in Busia County to characterize MCP availability, sales trends, and distribution channels. The questionnaire included 32 closed-ended and four open-ended questions with short answer responses. Descriptive analysis of frequency counts and percentages was carried out to glean insights about commercially available MCPs and the weighted average rank was used to determine consumer preferences for MCPs. Open-ended data was analysed thematically.
Retail outlets that stocked MCPs commonly stocked mosquito coils (73.0%), topical repellents (38.1%), aerosol insecticide sprays (23.8%) and ITNs (14.3%). Overall, retailers reported the profits from selling MCPs were adequate and they overwhelmingly planned to continue stocking the products. Of respondents who stocked MCPs, 96.8% responded that sales increased during long rains and 36.5% that sales also surged during short rains. ITNs and baby-size nets were often delivered by the wholesaler. Retailers of aerosol sprays, mosquito coils, and topical repellents either collected stock from the wholesaler or products were delivered to them. Other commercially available MCPs included insecticide incense sticks, electric mosquito strikers, insecticide soaps, electrically heated insecticide mats, and electric insecticide emanators, indicating a well-established market.
The wide range of MCPs in local retail outlets within the study area suggests the need and demand for mosquito control tools, in addition to ITNs, that are affordable, easy to use and effective. The presence of a wide range of MCPs, is a promising sign for the introduction of a spatial repellent intervention class of products that meets consumer needs and preferences.
肯尼亚约有 70%的人口面临疟疾风险。肯尼亚的核心蚊虫控制方法是使用经杀虫剂处理的蚊帐（ITN）和室内滞留喷洒，辅以幼虫源管理。2015 年，21%的 ITN 通过私营零售部门获得。尽管私营部门在供应蚊虫控制产品（MCP）方面发挥了作用，但除了 ITN 之外，关于私营部门供应 MCP 的供应情况、销售趋势和消费者偏好的证据很少。本研究是一个专注于评估空间驱避剂干预类产品控制蚊媒疾病的更大研究计划的一部分，旨在解决私营部门在供应 MCP 方面的作用这一证据空白。
在布西亚县的一系列零售点开展了一项横断面调查，以描述 MCP 的供应情况、销售趋势和分销渠道。问卷包括 32 个封闭式和 4 个开放式问题，答案为简短回答。通过频率计数和百分比的描述性分析，深入了解商业上可获得的 MCP 以及使用加权平均等级来确定消费者对 MCP 的偏好。对开放式数据进行主题分析。
库存 MCP 的零售店通常库存蚊香（73.0%）、局部驱虫剂（38.1%）、气溶胶杀虫剂喷雾（23.8%）和 ITN（14.3%）。总体而言，零售商报告称销售 MCP 的利润充足，他们绝大多数计划继续库存这些产品。在库存 MCP 的受访者中，96.8%的人回答说在长雨期间销售增加，36.5%的人回答说在短雨期间销售也激增。ITN 和婴儿尺寸的网通常由批发商交付。气雾剂喷雾、蚊香和局部驱虫剂的零售商从批发商处收集库存或产品交付给他们。其他商业上可获得的 MCP 包括杀虫香棒、电蚊拍、杀虫皂、电加热杀虫垫和电杀虫散发器，表明市场已经成熟。
研究区域内当地零售店中广泛的 MCP 表明，除了 ITN 之外，还需要和需要负担得起、易于使用和有效的蚊虫控制工具。广泛的 MCP 存在，为引入符合消费者需求和偏好的空间驱避剂干预类产品提供了一个有希望的信号。
