Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, 5841 S. Maryland Ave, MC 2115, Chicago, IL, 60637-1470, USA.
J Hematol Oncol. 2021 Mar 23;14(1):49. doi: 10.1186/s13045-021-01062-w.
Until recently, acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients used to have limited treatment options, depending solely on cytarabine + anthracycline (7 + 3) intensive chemotherapy and hypomethylating agents. Allogeneic stem cell transplantation (Allo-SCT) played an important role to improve the survival of eligible AML patients in the past several decades. The exploration of the genomic and molecular landscape of AML, identification of mutations associated with the pathogenesis of AML, and the understanding of the mechanisms of resistance to treatment from excellent translational research helped to expand the treatment options of AML quickly in the past few years, resulting in noteworthy breakthroughs and FDA approvals of new therapeutic treatments in AML patients. Targeted therapies and combinations of different classes of therapeutic agents to overcome treatment resistance further expanded the treatment options and improved survival. Immunotherapy, including antibody-based treatment, inhibition of immune negative regulators, and possible CAR T cells might further expand the therapeutic armamentarium for AML. This review is intended to summarize the recent developments in the treatment of AML.
直到最近，急性髓细胞白血病 (AML) 患者的治疗选择有限，仅依赖于阿糖胞苷+蒽环类药物（7+3）强化化疗和低甲基化剂。异体造血干细胞移植 (Allo-SCT) 在过去几十年中对改善适合条件的 AML 患者的生存率发挥了重要作用。对 AML 的基因组和分子图谱的探索、识别与 AML 发病机制相关的突变，以及对治疗耐药机制的理解，这些优秀的转化研究有助于在过去几年中迅速扩大 AML 的治疗选择，在 AML 患者中取得了显著的突破和 FDA 批准新的治疗方法。靶向治疗和不同类别的治疗药物联合使用以克服治疗耐药性，进一步扩大了治疗选择并提高了生存率。免疫疗法，包括基于抗体的治疗、抑制免疫负调节剂和可能的 CAR T 细胞，可能进一步扩大 AML 的治疗手段。本文旨在总结 AML 治疗的最新进展。
