Skurla Miranda D, Rahman Aniqa T, Salcone Sarah, Mathias Liana, Shah Bhumika, Forester Brent P, Vahia Ipsit V
McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA.
University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA.
Int Psychogeriatr. 2022 Feb;34(2):143-155. doi: 10.1017/S104161022100017X. Epub 2021 Mar 24.
Virtual reality (VR) is a promising tool with the potential to enhance care of cognitive and affective disorders in the aging population. VR has been implemented in clinical settings with adolescents and children; however, it has been less studied in the geriatric population.
The objective of this study is to determine the existing levels of evidence for VR use in clinical settings and identify areas where more evidence may guide translation of existing VR interventions for older adults.
We conducted a systematic review in PubMed and Web of Science in November 2019 for peer-reviewed journal articles on VR technology and its applications in older adults. We reviewed article content and extracted the number of study participants, study population, goal of the investigation, the level of evidence, and categorized articles based on the indication of the VR technology and the study population.
The database search yielded 1554 total results, and 55 articles were included in the final synthesis. The most represented study design was cross-sectional, and the most common study population was subjects with cognitive impairment. Articles fell into three categories for VR Indication: Testing, Training, and Screening. There was a wide variety of VR environments used across studies.
Existing evidence offers support for VR as a screening and training tool for cognitive impairment in older adults. VR-based tasks demonstrated validity comparable to some paper-based assessments of cognition, though more work is needed to refine diagnostic specificity. The variety of VR environments used shows a need for standardization before comparisons can be made across VR simulations. Future studies should address key issues such as usability, data privacy, and confidentiality. Since most literature was generated from high-income countries (HICs), it remains unclear how this may be translated to other parts of the world.
虚拟现实（VR）是一种很有前景的工具，有可能改善老年人群认知和情感障碍的护理。VR已在青少年和儿童的临床环境中得到应用；然而，在老年人群中的研究较少。
本研究的目的是确定VR在临床环境中使用的现有证据水平，并确定更多证据可指导现有VR干预措施应用于老年人的领域。
我们于2019年11月在PubMed和科学网进行了系统综述，以查找关于VR技术及其在老年人中的应用的同行评审期刊文章。我们审查了文章内容，提取了研究参与者数量、研究人群、调查目标、证据水平，并根据VR技术的适应症和研究人群对文章进行分类。
数据库搜索共产生1554条结果，最终纳入综合分析的文章有55篇。最具代表性的研究设计是横断面研究，最常见的研究人群是认知障碍患者。文章根据VR适应症分为三类：测试、训练和筛查。各研究中使用的VR环境多种多样。
现有证据支持将VR作为老年人认知障碍的筛查和训练工具。基于VR的任务显示出与一些基于纸张的认知评估相当的有效性，不过还需要更多工作来提高诊断特异性。使用的VR环境多种多样，表明在跨VR模拟进行比较之前需要进行标准化。未来的研究应解决可用性、数据隐私和保密性等关键问题。由于大多数文献来自高收入国家，尚不清楚如何将其应用于世界其他地区。
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