Service de dermatologie, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Bruxelles, Belgique
Pôle de pneumologie et dermatologie, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, UCLouvain, Bruxelles, Belgique.
BMJ Open. 2021 Mar 23;11(3):e043926. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-043926.
General practitioners (GPs) play a key role in early melanoma detection. To help GPs deal with suspicious skin lesions, melanoma diagnostic training programmes have been developed. However, it is unclear whether these programmes guarantee the acquisition of skills that will be applied by GPs in their daily clinical practice and maintained over time.
This scoping review aimed to examine and compare educational programmes designed to train GPs in melanoma diagnosis using clinical (naked eye) examination alone or dermoscopy±clinical examination, and sought to inform on the long-term sustainability of the GPs' acquired skills.
Studies eligible for inclusion evaluated educational programmes for teaching diagnosis of melanoma to GPs. MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane databases were searched for relevant articles from 1995 to May 2020.
Forty-five relevant articles were found assessing 31 educational programmes. Most programmes that improved the diagnostic accuracy and long-term performances of the GPs, that is, increase in confidence, decrease in dermatologist referral for benign skin lesions and improvement in the benign/malignant ratio of excised skin lesions, trained the GPs in clinical diagnosis, followed by dermoscopy. To maintain long-term performances, these programmes provided refresher training material.
This review shows that studies generally report positive outcomes from the training of GPs in melanoma diagnosis. However, refresher training material seemed necessary to maintain the acquired skills. The optimal form and ideal frequency for these updates have yet to be defined.
全科医生在早期黑色素瘤检测中起着关键作用。为了帮助全科医生处理可疑皮肤病变，已经开发了黑色素瘤诊断培训计划。然而，这些计划是否能保证医生获得在日常临床实践中应用并随着时间的推移而保持的技能尚不清楚。
本范围综述旨在检查和比较单独使用临床（肉眼）检查或皮肤镜检查+临床检查来培训全科医生进行黑色素瘤诊断的教育计划，并了解医生获得的技能的长期可持续性。
有资格纳入的研究评估了向全科医生教授黑色素瘤诊断的教育计划。从 1995 年到 2020 年 5 月，在 MEDLINE、EMBASE 和 Cochrane 数据库中搜索了相关文章。
共发现 45 篇相关文章，评估了 31 个教育计划。大多数提高了全科医生诊断准确性和长期绩效的计划，即增加信心、减少对良性皮肤病变的皮肤科医生转诊以及提高切除皮肤病变的良性/恶性比例，对全科医生进行了临床诊断培训，然后是皮肤镜检查。为了保持长期绩效，这些计划提供了复习培训材料。
本综述表明，研究普遍报告了培训全科医生进行黑色素瘤诊断的积极结果。然而，似乎需要复习培训材料来保持获得的技能。这些更新的最佳形式和理想频率仍有待确定。
