Anjulo Ufaysa, Haile Dereje, Wolde Anbessaw
Wolaita Zone Health Department, Sodo, Southern Ethiopia.
Reproductive Health and Nutrition Department, School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Science, Wolaita Sodo University, Sodo, Southern Ethiopia.
Integr Blood Press Control. 2021 Mar 16;14:43-54. doi: 10.2147/IBPC.S295574. eCollection 2021.
Hypertension is an emerging public health problem in many low- and middle-income countries including Ethiopia. However, there are limited studies and data are scarce in these countries, particularly in Ethiopia. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of hypertension and its associated factors in this study area.
A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Areka town. Multi-stage sampling technique was used to select 581 adults. Information on socio-demographic data, behavioral and dietary habits, and family history of hypertension were collected using face-to-face interview. Measurements of weight, height, and blood pressure were taken using digital weighing scale, Stadio-meter, and digital sphygmomanometer respectively. Data were entered and cleaned in Epi-Data version 3.1, and exported to SPSS version 20 for analysis. Binary logistic regressions were done and odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were calculated to identify associated factors.
The overall prevalence of hypertension among the study participants was 19.1% (95% CI: 15.9-22.4). Out of these, more than half (57.3%) of the cases were newly screened for hypertension. In a multivariate logistic regression analysis; history of perceived childhood obesity (AOR:2.8 (95% CI:1.6,5.1)), age 55 years and above (AOR=8.90, 95% CI: 3.77-21.02), family history of hypertension (AOR= 2.57, 95% CI: 1.17-5.64), fatty meat intake (AOR=1.96, 95% CI: 1.05-3.65), eating vegetables less than two days per week (AOR=2.81, 95% CI: 1.24-6.37) and being obese (AOR=11.59, 95% CI: 4.7-27.62) were associated factors of developing hypertension.
The study revealed that the prevalence was found to be high among adults indicating the hidden burden of the problem in the area. Therefore, the health systems need to develop strategies for community-based screening, strategies that focus on life cycle-based approach because childhood and adolescence are crucial times for the prevention of NCDs including hypertension. Health education on eating behavior and life style modifications to maintain normal body weight are recommended.
高血压在包括埃塞俄比亚在内的许多低收入和中等收入国家正成为一个新出现的公共卫生问题。然而，这些国家的相关研究有限，数据也很匮乏，尤其是在埃塞俄比亚。因此，本研究的目的是评估该研究地区高血压的患病率及其相关因素。
在阿雷卡镇开展了一项基于社区的横断面研究。采用多阶段抽样技术选取了581名成年人。通过面对面访谈收集了社会人口统计学数据、行为和饮食习惯以及高血压家族史等信息。分别使用数字体重秤、身高计和数字血压计测量体重、身高和血压。数据在Epi-Data 3.1版本中录入并清理，然后导出到SPSS 20版本进行分析。进行二元逻辑回归分析，并计算95%置信区间的比值比以确定相关因素。
研究参与者中高血压的总体患病率为19.1%（95%置信区间：15.9 - 22.4）。其中，超过一半（57.3%）的病例是新筛查出的高血压患者。在多变量逻辑回归分析中，自认为童年肥胖史（调整后比值比：2.8（95%置信区间：1.6,5.1））、55岁及以上年龄（调整后比值比 = 8.90，95%置信区间：3.77 - 21.02）、高血压家族史（调整后比值比 = 2.57，95%置信区间：1.17 - 5.64）、食用肥肉（调整后比值比 = 1.96，95%置信区间：1.05 - 3.65）、每周吃蔬菜少于两天（调整后比值比 = 2.81，95%置信区间：1.24 - 6.37）以及肥胖（调整后比值比 = 11.59，95%置信区间：4.7 - 27.62）是患高血压的相关因素。
该研究表明该地区成年人中高血压患病率较高，这表明该问题存在潜在负担。因此，卫生系统需要制定基于社区的筛查策略，以及注重基于生命周期方法的策略，因为儿童期和青春期是预防包括高血压在内的非传染性疾病的关键时期。建议开展关于饮食行为和生活方式改变以维持正常体重的健康教育。
