Anteneh Zelalem Alamrew, Yalew Worku Awoke, Abitew Dereje Birhanu
School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.
Int J Gen Med. 2015 May 6;8:175-85. doi: 10.2147/IJGM.S81513. eCollection 2015.
Hypertension is one of the most common causes of premature death and morbidity and has a major impact on health care costs. It is an important public health challenge to both developed and developing countries. The aim of this study was to determine the magnitude and correlates of hypertension.
A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in June 2014 among 681 adult residents of Bahir Dar city using multistage sampling techniques. An interview-administrated questionnaire and physical measurements such as blood pressure (BP), weight, height, and waist and hip circumferences were employed to collect the data. The data were coded, entered, and analyzed with SPSS version 16 software package.
A total of 678 responses were included in the analysis resulting in a response rate of 99.6%. The findings declared that 17.6%, 19.8%, and 2.2% of respondents were prehypertension, hypertension stage I, and hypertension stage II, respectively, on screening test. The overall prevalence of hypertension (systolic BP ≥140 mmHg, or diastolic BP ≥90 mmHg, or known hypertensive patient taking medications) was 25.1%. According to the multivariate logistic regression analysis, age; having ever smoked cigarette; number of hours spent walking/cycling per day; number of hours spent watching TV per day; history of diabetes; adding salt to food in addition to the normal amount that is added to the food during cooking; and body mass index were statistically significant predictors of hypertension.
One out of every four respondents of the study had hypertension, and more than one out of three cases of hypertension (38.8%) did not know that they had the hypertension; 17.6% of the respondents were in prehypertension stage, which adds to overall future risk of hypertension. Therefore, mass screening for hypertension, health education to prevent substance use, regular exercise, reducing salt consumption, and life style modifications are recommended.
高血压是过早死亡和发病的最常见原因之一，对医疗保健成本有重大影响。它对发达国家和发展中国家都是一项重要的公共卫生挑战。本研究的目的是确定高血压的严重程度及其相关因素。
2014年6月，采用多阶段抽样技术，对巴希尔达尔市681名成年居民进行了一项基于社区的横断面研究。通过访谈式问卷以及血压、体重、身高、腰围和臀围等身体测量来收集数据。数据使用SPSS 16版软件包进行编码、录入和分析。
共有678份回复纳入分析，回复率为99.6%。研究结果表明，在筛查测试中，分别有17.6%、19.8%和2.2%的受访者处于高血压前期、高血压I期和高血压II期。高血压的总体患病率（收缩压≥140 mmHg，或舒张压≥90 mmHg，或已知高血压患者正在服药）为25.1%。根据多因素逻辑回归分析，年龄、曾经吸烟、每天步行/骑自行车的时长、每天看电视的时长、糖尿病史、除烹饪时正常添加量之外额外加盐、以及体重指数是高血压的统计学显著预测因素。
该研究中每四名受访者中就有一人患有高血压，超过三分之一的高血压病例（38.8%）不知道自己患有高血压；17.6%的受访者处于高血压前期，这增加了未来患高血压的总体风险。因此，建议进行高血压大规模筛查、开展预防物质使用的健康教育、定期锻炼、减少盐摄入量以及改变生活方式。
