Abebe Solomon Mekonnen, Berhane Yemane, Worku Alemayehu, Getachew Assefa
Institute of Public health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
Addis Continental Institute of Public Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
PLoS One. 2015 Apr 24;10(4):e0125210. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125210. eCollection 2015.
Hypertension, being the root cause of many of the body sytem and organs failure, remains to be a major public health challenge globally. Though the problem is huge in both developed and developing countries, data are scarce in developing countries like Ethiopia. Therefore, this study was aimed to determine the magnitude and associated factors of hypertension in North West Ethiopia.
A cross-sectional survey was conducted on adults aged 35 years and above in the rural and urban communities of Dabat district and Gondar town in 2012. The data were collected using the WHO STEPwise strategy. Hypertension was defined as having a Systolic blood pressure of ≥140 mmHg and/ or a Diastolic BP of ≥ 90mmHg or a reported use of anti-hypertensive medications for raised blood pressure. Prevalence was computed with a 95% confidence interval. Selected risk factors were assessed using a biviarete logistic regression.
A total of 2200 participants were included in the study. The median age (±SD) was 47 (±12.4) years. The overall prevalence of hypertension was found to be 27.9% [95% CI 26.0, 29.8], with the proportion in the urban and rural residents being 30.7% and 25.3% respectively. The prevalence of hypertension was 29.3% for women and 26.3% for men. Out of the 598 hypertensive patients 241 (40.3%) had blood pressure measurements, and 99 (16.6%) had known hypertension and were on treatment. The proportion of systolic and diastolic hypertension in this subgroup of adults was 133(6.2%). The multivariable logistic regression analysis showed older age (AOR = 1.06; 1.05, 1.07), raised fasting glucose (AOR = 1.01; 1.001, 1.01), alcohol consumption (AOR = 1.71; 1.24, 2.36), and raised BMI (AOR =1.07; 1.04, 1.10) were significantly associated with hypertension.
The prevalence of hypertension was considerably higher in rural areas than previously reported. The health system needs to develop strategies to increase the reach of relevant screening and diagnostic services to both rural and urban populations.
高血压是许多身体系统和器官衰竭的根本原因，仍然是全球主要的公共卫生挑战。尽管发达国家和发展中国家的这一问题都很严重，但在埃塞俄比亚等发展中国家，数据却很匮乏。因此，本研究旨在确定埃塞俄比亚西北部高血压的严重程度及相关因素。
2012年，在达巴特区和贡德尔镇的农村和城市社区，对35岁及以上成年人进行了一项横断面调查。数据采用世界卫生组织的逐步调查策略收集。高血压定义为收缩压≥140mmHg和/或舒张压≥90mmHg，或报告因血压升高使用抗高血压药物。患病率通过95%置信区间计算。使用双变量逻辑回归评估选定的风险因素。
共有2200名参与者纳入研究。年龄中位数（±标准差）为47（±12.4）岁。高血压总体患病率为27.9%[95%置信区间26.0, 29.8]，城市居民和农村居民的比例分别为30.7%和25.3%。女性高血压患病率为29.3%，男性为26.3%。在598名高血压患者中，241名（40.3%）进行了血压测量，99名（16.6%）已知患有高血压并正在接受治疗。该成年亚组中收缩期和舒张期高血压的比例为133名（6.2%）。多变量逻辑回归分析显示，年龄较大（比值比=1.06；1.05, 1.07）、空腹血糖升高（比值比=1.01；1.001, 1.01）、饮酒（比值比=1.71；1.24, 2.36）和体重指数升高（比值比=1.07；1.04, 1.10）与高血压显著相关。
农村地区高血压患病率比先前报告的要高得多。卫生系统需要制定策略，以扩大相关筛查和诊断服务对农村和城市人口的覆盖范围。
