Department of Dermatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Skin Patients Netherlands, Nieuwerkerk a/d IJssel, The Netherlands.
Am J Clin Dermatol. 2021 Jul;22(4):457-465. doi: 10.1007/s40257-021-00595-7. Epub 2021 Mar 23.
Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory dermatosis mainly affecting the cheeks, nose, chin, and forehead. Rosacea is characterized by recurrent episodes of flushing or transient erythema, persistent erythema, phymatous changes, papules, pustules, and telangiectasia. The eyes may also be involved. Due to rosacea affecting the face, it has a profound negative impact on quality of life, self-esteem, and well-being. In addition to general skin care, there are several approved treatment options available for addressing these features, both topical and systemic. For some features, intense pulse light, laser, and surgery are of value. Recent advances in fundamental scientific research have underscored the roles of the innate and adaptive immune systems as well as neurovascular dysregulation underlying the spectrum of clinical features of rosacea. Endogenous and exogenous stimuli may initiate and aggravate several pathways in patients with rosacea. This review covers the new phenotype-based diagnosis and classification system reflecting pathophysiology, and new and emerging treatment options and approaches. We address new topical and systemic formulations, as well as recent evidence on treatment combinations. In addition, ongoing studies investigating novel therapeutic interventions will be summarized.
酒渣鼻是一种主要影响脸颊、鼻子、下巴和前额的慢性炎症性皮肤病。酒渣鼻的特征是反复发作的潮红或短暂红斑、持续性红斑、肿厚性改变、丘疹、脓疱和毛细血管扩张。眼睛也可能受到影响。由于酒渣鼻影响面部，它对生活质量、自尊心和幸福感有深远的负面影响。除了一般的皮肤护理外，还有几种已批准的治疗方案可用于解决这些特征，包括局部和全身治疗。对于某些特征，强脉冲光、激光和手术具有价值。基础科学研究的最新进展强调了先天和适应性免疫系统以及神经血管失调在酒渣鼻临床特征谱中的作用。内源性和外源性刺激可能在酒渣鼻患者中引发和加重几种途径。这篇综述涵盖了基于新表型的诊断和分类系统，反映了发病机制，以及新的和新兴的治疗选择和方法。我们讨论了新的局部和全身制剂，以及关于治疗联合的最新证据。此外，还将总结正在进行的研究新型治疗干预措施的研究。
