Reynolds Jessica L, Dubocovich Margarita L
Department of Medicine, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA.
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA.
J Pineal Res. 2021 Aug;71(1):e12732. doi: 10.1111/jpi.12732. Epub 2021 Apr 26.
Data indicate that controlling inflammatory responses to COVID-19 may be as important as antiviral therapies or could be an important adjunctive approach. Melatonin possesses anti-inflammation, antioxidation, and immune-enhancing features directly and/or indirectly through its own receptor signaling and is therefore well suited to reduce the severity of COVID-19. Studies have proposed that melatonin regulates COVID-19-associated proteins directly through regulation of molecules such as calmodulin (CALM) 1 and CALM 2, calreticulin (CalR), or myeloperoxidase (MPO) and/or indirectly through actions on GPCR (eg, MTNR1A, MTNR1B) and nuclear (eg, RORα, RORβ) melatonin receptor signaling. However, the exact mechanism(s) and doses by which melatonin reduces the severity of COVID-19 is still open for debate, warranting the need for further testing of melatonin in placebo-controlled randomized clinical trials for COVID-19.
数据表明，控制对COVID-19的炎症反应可能与抗病毒疗法同样重要，或者可能是一种重要的辅助方法。褪黑素通过其自身的受体信号直接和/或间接具有抗炎、抗氧化和免疫增强特性，因此非常适合降低COVID-19的严重程度。研究表明，褪黑素通过调节钙调蛋白（CALM）1和CALM 2、钙网蛋白（CalR）或髓过氧化物酶（MPO）等分子直接调节与COVID-19相关的蛋白质，和/或通过作用于GPCR（如MTNR1A、MTNR1B）和核（如RORα、RORβ）褪黑素受体信号间接调节。然而，褪黑素降低COVID-19严重程度的确切机制和剂量仍有待争论，这就需要在针对COVID-19的安慰剂对照随机临床试验中对褪黑素进行进一步测试。
