Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada.
Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
Dev Cell. 2021 Apr 5;56(7):933-948. doi: 10.1016/j.devcel.2021.03.004. Epub 2021 Mar 23.
Organelles of the plant cell cooperate to synthesize and secrete a strong yet flexible polysaccharide-based extracellular matrix: the cell wall. Cell wall composition varies among plant species, across cell types within a plant, within different regions of a single cell wall, and in response to intrinsic or extrinsic signals. This diversity in cell wall makeup is underpinned by common cellular mechanisms for cell wall production. Cellulose synthase complexes function at the plasma membrane and deposit their product into the cell wall. Matrix polysaccharides are synthesized by a multitude of glycosyltransferases in hundreds of mobile Golgi stacks, and an extensive set of vesicle trafficking proteins govern secretion to the cell wall. In this review, we discuss the different subcellular locations at which cell wall synthesis occurs, review the molecular mechanisms that control cell wall biosynthesis, and examine how these are regulated in response to different perturbations to maintain cell wall homeostasis.
细胞壁。细胞壁的组成在不同的植物物种、同一植物的不同细胞类型、单个细胞壁的不同区域以及对内在或外在信号的响应中都有所不同。细胞壁组成的这种多样性是由细胞壁产生的常见细胞机制来支撑的。纤维素合酶复合物在质膜上发挥作用，并将其产物沉积到细胞壁中。基质多糖由大量的糖基转移酶在数百个移动的高尔基体堆中合成，而广泛的囊泡运输蛋白组则控制分泌到细胞壁。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了细胞壁合成发生的不同亚细胞位置，回顾了控制细胞壁生物合成的分子机制，并研究了这些机制如何在应对不同的干扰以维持细胞壁的动态平衡时被调节。
