Department of General surgery, Tongzhou People's Hospital.
Department of General surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China.
Medicine (Baltimore). 2021 Mar 26;100(12):e24957. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000024957.
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is 1 of the highly fatal and most aggressive types of malignancies and accounts for the vast majority of Pancreatic Cancer. Numerous studies have reported that the tumor microenvironment (TME) was significantly correlated with the oncogenesis, progress, and prognosis of various malignancies. Therefore, mining of TME-related genes is reasonably important to improve the overall survival of patients with PDAC.The Estimation of STromal and Immune cells in MAlignant Tumor tissues using Expression data algorithm was applied to identify differential expressed genes. Functional and pathway enrichment analyses, protein-protein interaction network construction and module analysis, overall survival analysis and tumor immune estimation resource database analysis were then performed on differential expressed genes.Data analysis indicated that higher immune scores were correlated with better overall survival (P = 0.033). Differential expression analysis obtained 90 intersection genes influencing both stromal and immune scores. Among these intersection genes, CA9, EBI3, SPOCK2, WDFY4, CD1D, and CCL22 were significantly correlated with overall survival in PDAC patients. Moreover, multivariate Cox analysis revealed that CA9, SPOCK2, and CD1D were the most significant prognostic genes, and were closely correlated with immune infiltration in TCGA cohort. Further analysis indicated that CD1D were significantly related with immune cell biomarkers for PDAC patients.In summary, our findings provide a more comprehensive insight into TME and show a list of prognostic immune associated genes in PDAC. However, further studies on these genes need to be performed to gain additional understanding of the association between TME and prognosis in PDAC.
胰腺导管腺癌 (PDAC) 是一种高度致命且最具侵袭性的恶性肿瘤类型，占胰腺癌的绝大多数。大量研究表明，肿瘤微环境 (TME) 与各种恶性肿瘤的发生、进展和预后密切相关。因此，挖掘与 TME 相关的基因对于提高 PDAC 患者的总体生存率是非常重要的。
使用表达数据算法对肿瘤基质和免疫细胞进行估计，以鉴定差异表达基因。然后对差异表达基因进行功能和通路富集分析、蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用网络构建和模块分析、总体生存分析和肿瘤免疫评估资源数据库分析。
数据分析表明，较高的免疫评分与更好的总体生存率相关（P = 0.033）。差异表达分析获得了 90 个同时影响基质和免疫评分的交集基因。在这些交集基因中，CA9、EBI3、SPOCK2、WDFY4、CD1D 和 CCL22 与 PDAC 患者的总体生存率显著相关。此外，多变量 Cox 分析显示 CA9、SPOCK2 和 CD1D 是最显著的预后基因，并且与 TCGA 队列中的免疫浸润密切相关。进一步分析表明，CD1D 与 PDAC 患者的免疫细胞生物标志物显著相关。
总之，我们的研究结果提供了对 TME 的更全面的了解，并显示了一组与 PDAC 预后相关的免疫相关基因。然而，需要进一步研究这些基因，以获得对 TME 与 PDAC 预后之间关联的更深入理解。
