Choure Kamlesh, Parsai Shreyansh, Kotoky Rhitu, Srivastava Arpit, Tilwari Anita, Rai Piyush Kant, Sharma Abhishek, Pandey Piyush
Department of Biotechnology, AKS University, Satna, India.
Department of Microbiology, Assam University, Silchar, India.
Front Genet. 2021 Mar 8;12:643423. doi: 10.3389/fgene.2021.643423. eCollection 2021.
Hot springs are considered to be a unique environment with extremophiles, that are sources of industrially important enzymes, and other biotechnological products. The objective of this study was to undertake, analyze, and characterize the microbiome of two major hot springs located in the state of Madhya Pradesh explicitly, Chhoti Anhoni (Hotspring 1), and Badi Anhoni (Hotspring 2) to find out the inhabitant microbial population, and their functional characteristics. The taxonomic analysis of the microbiome of the hot springs revealed the phylum Proteobacteria was the most abundant taxa in both the hot-springs, however, its abundance in hot-spring 1 (88%) was more than the hot-spring 2 (52%). The phylum Bacteroides (10-22%) was found to be the second most abundant group in the hot-springs followed by Spirocheates (2-11%), Firmicutes (~6-8%), Chloroflexi (1-5%), etc. The functional analysis of the microbiome revealed different features related to several functions including metabolism of organics and degradation of xenobiotic compounds. The functional analysis showed that most of the attributes of the microbiome was related to metabolism, followed by cellular processes and environmental information processing functions. The functional annotation of the microbiomes at KEGG level 3 annotated the sequences into 279 active features that showed variation in abundance between the hot spring samples, where hot-spring 1 was functionally more diverse. Interestingly, the abundance of functional genes from methanogenic bacteria, was higher in the hot-spring 2, which may be related to the relatively higher pH and temperature than Hotspring 1. The study showed the presence of different unassigned bacterial taxa with high abundance which indicates the potential of novel genera or phylotypes. Culturable isolates (28) were bio-prospected for industrially important enzymes including amylase, protease, lipase, gelatinase, pectinase, cellulase, lecithinase, and xylanase. Seven isolates (25%) had shown positive results for all the enzyme activities whereas 23 isolates (82%) produced Protease, 27 isolates (96%) produced lipase, 27 isolates produced amylase, 26 isolates (92%) produced cellulase, 19 isolates (67%) produced pectinase, 19 isolates (67%) could produce lecithinase, and 13 isolates (46%) produced gelatinase. The seven isolates, positive for all the enzymes were analyzed further for quantitative analysis and identified through molecular characterization.
温泉被认为是一种独特的环境，其中存在极端微生物，这些极端微生物是具有重要工业价值的酶和其他生物技术产品的来源。本研究的目的是明确对位于中央邦的两个主要温泉——乔蒂·安霍尼（温泉1）和巴迪·安霍尼（温泉2）的微生物群落进行研究、分析和表征，以找出其中的微生物种群及其功能特征。对温泉微生物群落的分类分析表明，变形菌门是两个温泉中最丰富的分类群，然而，其在温泉1（约88%）中的丰度高于温泉2（约52%）。拟杆菌门（约10 - 22%）是温泉中第二丰富的类群，其次是螺旋体门（约2 - 11%）、厚壁菌门（约6 - 8%）、绿弯菌门（1 - 5%）等。对微生物群落的功能分析揭示了与多种功能相关的不同特征，包括有机物代谢和外源化合物降解。功能分析表明，微生物群落的大多数属性与代谢相关，其次是细胞过程和环境信息处理功能。在KEGG第3级水平对微生物群落进行功能注释，将序列注释为279个活性特征，这些特征在温泉样本之间的丰度存在差异，其中温泉1在功能上更为多样。有趣的是，产甲烷细菌功能基因的丰度在温泉2中更高，这可能与温泉2的pH值和温度相对高于温泉1有关。该研究表明存在不同的高丰度未分类细菌分类群，这表明存在新属或新系统型的潜力。对可培养分离株（28株）进行了生物勘探，以寻找包括淀粉酶、蛋白酶、脂肪酶、明胶酶、果胶酶、纤维素酶、卵磷脂酶和木聚糖酶在内的具有重要工业价值的酶。七株分离株（25%）对所有酶活性均呈阳性结果，而23株分离株（82%）产生蛋白酶，27株分离株（96%）产生脂肪酶，27株分离株产生淀粉酶，26株分离株（92%）产生纤维素酶，19株分离株（67%）产生果胶酶，19株分离株（67%）能产生卵磷脂酶，13株分离株（46%）产生明胶酶。对所有酶均呈阳性的七株分离株进一步进行定量分析，并通过分子表征进行鉴定。
