Hearing Disorders Research Center, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Loghman Hakim Educational Hospital, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Hearing Disorders Research Center, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Loghman Hakim Educational Hospital, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Eur J Pharmacol. 2021 Jun 5;900:174053. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174053. Epub 2021 Mar 22.
Along with the developments in techniques for genome study, our understanding of its sequences has completely changed. The non-coding sequences of the human genome are no longer considered as "junk" but are rather known to be the source of high-functioning molecules. Some of the most fascinating transcripts in this regard are long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) RNA molecules that exceed 200 nucleotides and are not transcribed from protein-coding regions of the genome. These transcripts are capable of gene regulation by various mechanisms, from epigenetic changes and chromosomal arrangements to post-transcription modulation of messenger RNAs. Furthermore, lncRNAs interact with other non-coding transcripts such as microRNAs that further affects gene expression. Considering the fact that cancer is a disease of deregulated expression, recent studies have identified lncRNAs acting as either oncogene or tumor suppressor in a wide range of human malignancies. Head and neck cancer (HNC), with a high incidence rate and unfavorable survival, is no exception in this matter and many investigations have introduced lncRNAs involved in its tumor progression and drug response, as well as those acting as promising diagnostic or prognostic markers. The present study reviews the vital regulatory roles of lncRNAs and further introduces their role in progression of HNC subtypes.
随着基因组研究技术的发展，我们对其序列的理解已经完全改变。人类基因组的非编码序列不再被视为“垃圾”，而是已知的具有高功能分子的来源。在这方面最引人注目的一些转录本是长非编码 RNA（lncRNA），即长度超过 200 个核苷酸且不是从基因组的蛋白质编码区转录而来的 RNA 分子。这些转录本能够通过各种机制进行基因调控，从表观遗传变化和染色体排列到信使 RNA 的转录后调节。此外，lncRNA 与其他非编码转录本（如 microRNA）相互作用，从而进一步影响基因表达。鉴于癌症是一种表达失调的疾病，最近的研究已经确定了 lncRNA 在广泛的人类恶性肿瘤中作为癌基因或肿瘤抑制因子发挥作用。头颈部癌症（HNC）发病率高且生存率不佳，在这方面也不例外，许多研究已经介绍了参与其肿瘤进展和药物反应的 lncRNA，以及作为有前途的诊断或预后标志物的 lncRNA。本研究综述了 lncRNA 的重要调节作用，并进一步介绍了它们在 HNC 亚型进展中的作用。
