Jin Dong-Pil, Park Jong-Soo, Choi Byoung-Hee
Department of Biological Sciences, Inha University, 100, Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea.
AoB Plants. 2021 Feb 18;13(2):plab009. doi: 10.1093/aobpla/plab009. eCollection 2021 Apr.
Various plant species are endemic to the Korean Peninsula, but their evolutionary divergence and establishment are poorly understood. One of these, , has been proposed as either a hybrid (. × . ) or a synonym of . . A distinct taxon, . , has been proposed for inland populations. We investigated genetic diversity and structure in . and related taxa to resolve this. Genotypes of . ( = 244, including . ) were determined using 12 microsatellite loci, then compared with those of related species. Genetic diversity within . was estimated, and Bayesian clustering analysis was used to represent its genetic structure and that of related taxa. Its distribution during the last glacial maximum (LGM) was predicted using ecological niche modelling (ENM). Neighbour-joining (NJ) analysis and principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) were used to investigate relationships among species. Bayesian tree based on nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacers (nrITS) was also reconstructed to show relationships and divergence time among species. Morphological features were examined using flower characteristics. In result, expected heterozygosity ( ) and allelic richness ( ) within . were higher in southern than northern populations. Bayesian clustering analysis largely assigned populations to two clusters ( = 2) (south vs. north). The ENM showed that . occurred around the East China Sea and Korean Strait land bridge during the LGM. Compared with other species, . was assigned to an independent cluster ( = 2-5), supported by the NJ, PCoA, Bayesian tree and morphological examination results. and . were clustered to one clade on Bayesian tree. Given results, current . populations derive from post-LGM colonization away from southern refugia. The type . , which grows inland, is thought synonym of . . In addition, . is considered a distinct species, compared with related taxa.
朝鲜半岛有多种特有植物物种，但人们对它们的进化分歧和形成了解甚少。其中一种植物，已被认为要么是杂交种（. ×. ），要么是. 的同义词。有人为内陆种群提出了一个独特的分类单元，即. 。我们对. 及相关分类群进行了遗传多样性和结构研究，以解决这个问题。利用12个微卫星位点确定了. （ = 244，包括. ）的基因型，然后与相关物种的基因型进行比较。估计了. 内部的遗传多样性，并使用贝叶斯聚类分析来表示其遗传结构以及相关分类群的遗传结构。利用生态位建模（ENM）预测了其在末次盛冰期（LGM）的分布。使用邻接法（NJ）分析和主坐标分析（PCoA）来研究物种间的关系。还重建了基于核糖体内部转录间隔区（nrITS）的贝叶斯树，以显示物种间的关系和分歧时间。利用花的特征检查了形态特征。结果显示，. 内部的预期杂合度（ ）和等位基因丰富度（ ）在南部种群中高于北部种群。贝叶斯聚类分析在很大程度上将种群分为两个聚类（ = 2）（南部与北部）。ENM显示，在LGM期间，. 出现在东海和朝鲜海峡陆桥周围。与其他 物种相比，. 被归入一个独立的聚类（ = 2 - 5），这得到了NJ、PCoA、贝叶斯树和形态学检查结果的支持。在贝叶斯树上，. 和. 聚为一个分支。鉴于这些结果，目前的. 种群源自LGM后从南部避难所的殖民化。生长在内陆的. 类型被认为是. 的同义词。此外，与相关分类群相比，. 被认为是一个独特的物种。
