Abas Osama, Abd-Elrahman Amir, Saleh Asmaa, Bessat Mohamed
Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Abbis10, P.O. Box 21917, Egypt.
Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhur University, Egypt.
Heliyon. 2021 Mar 16;7(3):e06479. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06479. eCollection 2021 Mar.
Species of , , and are Tick-borne pathogens (TBPs) that are prevalent throughout the world, particularly in the tropical and subtropical regions. Associated diseases of , and , respectively, represents a major threat to livestock production in many countries. TBPs have a high prevalence in different geographical locations in Egypt. Foot and mouth disease (FMD) and Lumpy skin disease (LSD) are considered endemic bovine viral diseases in Egypt. Our clinical observations during the epidemics of LSD and FMD viruses showed higher prevalence rates for the TBPs. To investigate this correlation, a total of 670 samples from cattle and buffalo were collected during the summers of 2017 and 2018 distributed throughout ranches and smallholders in two geographical locations in Egypt. Two farms with a recent clinical outbreak of LSD with a total of 270 animals, while the other location included three farms with a recent FMD outbreak with a combined 400 cattle. Examined animals were classified mainly according to age, gender, species, breed (native versus crossbred), and the presence of ticks. Whole blood samples were collected for TBPs and viral (LSD and FMD) examinations, while tissue specimens were collected for detection of FMD and LSD viruses by real-time PCR. Our results confirmed significantly higher prevalence rates for the TBPs in LSD-positive than LSD-negative animals, while no significant difference could be detected for the prevalence rate of the TBPs in the FMD positive and negative groups. The prevalence of and was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in cross-breeds than native cattle. Infections with and co-infections with - and - were significantly higher in native than cross-breeds cattle. The intensity of parasitic infection (parasitemia) has a significant difference in the positive groups for the two viruses compared to the negative groups. These results collectively confirming the enhancing role of LSD on the prevalence rate of the haemoprotozoal infections leading to more serious outcomes to the livestock infections, and therefore the control of haemoprotozoal infections should be implemented as a part of viral epidemics control.
巴贝斯虫属、泰勒虫属和无形体属的物种是蜱传播病原体（TBPs），在世界各地普遍存在，尤其是在热带和亚热带地区。巴贝斯虫属、泰勒虫属和无形体属相关疾病分别对许多国家的畜牧业生产构成重大威胁。TBPs在埃及的不同地理位置都有很高的流行率。口蹄疫（FMD）和结节性皮肤病（LSD）在埃及被认为是牛的地方性病毒病。我们在LSD和FMD病毒流行期间的临床观察表明，TBPs的流行率更高。为了研究这种相关性，在2017年和2018年夏季，从埃及两个地理位置的牧场和小农场收集了总共670份牛和水牛的样本。两个农场近期发生了LSD临床疫情，共有270只动物，而另一个地点包括三个近期发生FMD疫情的农场，共有400头牛。检查的动物主要根据年龄、性别、物种、品种（本地品种与杂交品种）以及蜱的存在情况进行分类。采集全血样本进行TBPs和病毒（LSD和FMD）检测，同时采集组织样本通过实时PCR检测FMD和LSD病毒。我们的结果证实，LSD阳性动物中TBPs的流行率显著高于LSD阴性动物，而FMD阳性和阴性组中TBPs的流行率没有显著差异。杂交品种中泰勒虫属和无形体属的流行率显著（P < 0.05）高于本地牛。本地牛中泰勒虫属感染以及与巴贝斯虫属和无形体属的共同感染显著高于杂交品种牛。与阴性组相比，两种病毒阳性组的寄生虫感染强度（虫血症）有显著差异。这些结果共同证实了LSD对血原虫感染流行率的增强作用，导致家畜感染的后果更严重，因此应将血原虫感染的控制作为病毒疫情控制的一部分来实施。
