Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital),Hangzhou City, China.
Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences,Hangzhou City, China.
Expert Rev Vaccines. 2021 May;20(5):545-557. doi: 10.1080/14760584.2021.1909479. Epub 2021 Apr 5.
Cancer remains a major source of disease burden worldwide. Although cancer vaccines have been developed, most currently available cancer vaccines have limited therapeutic efficacy. Recent research using novel sequencing and bioinformatic tools has led scientists to realize that each tumor harbors a unique set of genetic mutations that can manifest as tumor-specific neoantigens. Therefore, it would be useful to develop personalized cancer vaccines that target neoantigens, which might improve the efficacy of these cancer treatments.
This review covers cancer vaccine development and the emerging field of personalized cancer vaccines, with a discussion of future clinical trials for this promising treatment strategy.
Developing vaccines to treat tumors is one of the most promising and exciting fields in cancer research. However, cancer vaccines have shown limited efficacy in clinical trials for several decades, which may be related to the unique and complex processes underlying tumor development and progression. Recent studies have indicated that tumors express highly specific neoantigens, which are distinct from self-antigens. Thus, developing cancer vaccines that target these tumor-specific neoantigens is a promising strategy for developing personalized cancer vaccines.
癌症仍然是全球疾病负担的主要来源。尽管已经开发出癌症疫苗，但目前大多数可用的癌症疫苗的治疗效果有限。最近使用新型测序和生物信息学工具的研究使科学家们意识到，每个肿瘤都携带有一组独特的遗传突变，这些突变可以表现为肿瘤特异性的新抗原。因此，开发针对新抗原的个性化癌症疫苗可能会提高这些癌症治疗的疗效。
本文综述了癌症疫苗的开发和个性化癌症疫苗这一新兴领域，并讨论了该有前景治疗策略的未来临床试验。
开发用于治疗肿瘤的疫苗是癌症研究中最有前途和令人兴奋的领域之一。然而，几十年来，癌症疫苗在临床试验中的疗效有限，这可能与肿瘤发生和发展的独特而复杂的过程有关。最近的研究表明，肿瘤表达高度特异性的新抗原，与自身抗原不同。因此，开发针对这些肿瘤特异性新抗原的癌症疫苗是开发个性化癌症疫苗的一种有前途的策略。
