Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45237, USA.
Abalone Bio, Richmond, CA, 94608, USA.
Curr Atheroscler Rep. 2021 Mar 27;23(6):23. doi: 10.1007/s11883-021-00925-4.
The term high density lipoproteins (HDL) refers to an eclectic collection of subparticles that play diverse roles in physiology. Here, we define the term "HDL subspecies" and review recent work on their molecular characterization and relation to disease, focusing on cardiovascular disease and diabetes.
The HDL family contains over 200 proteins and nearly 200 lipids that partition into different particles in plasma. Simple subfractionation of HDL based on a particular physicochemical property has not risen to the challenge of revealing the roles of specific particles in disease. However, by targeting minor protein or lipid components, a handful of compositionally defined HDL subspecies have been described and characterized. By combining targeted particle isolation techniques with the power of large human studies, progress is being made in understanding HDL subspecies functions and implications for disease. However, much work remains before these advancements can be translated into disease mitigation strategies.
高密度脂蛋白（HDL）一词是指一组在生理功能上发挥多样化作用的亚颗粒的总称。在这里，我们定义了“HDL 亚类”这一术语，并回顾了它们的分子特征及其与疾病（尤其是心血管疾病和糖尿病）关系的最新研究进展。
HDL 家族包含 200 多种蛋白质和近 200 种脂质，它们在血浆中分配到不同的颗粒中。基于特定物理化学性质的简单亚组分分离尚未能够揭示特定颗粒在疾病中的作用。然而，通过针对少量蛋白质或脂质成分，已经描述和表征了一些组成明确的 HDL 亚类。通过将靶向颗粒分离技术与大型人类研究的强大功能相结合，人们在理解 HDL 亚类的功能及其对疾病的影响方面取得了进展。然而，在这些进展能够转化为疾病缓解策略之前，还有很多工作要做。
