Institute of Plant Protection - National Research Institute, Laboratory of Food and Feed Safety, Bialystok, Poland.
Pest Manag Sci. 2021 Jul;77(7):3349-3357. doi: 10.1002/ps.6379. Epub 2021 Apr 14.
Determining the environmental behavior and fate of chemical compounds during technological processing of plants is a task of great significance nowadays. However, the current knowledge is still incomplete for unique herbal matrices belonging to minor crops. The research in this article presents, for the first time, the dissipation kinetics and processing behavior of carboxamide boscalid (BOS) and stobilurin pyraclostrobin (PYR) fungicides during glasshouse dill (Anethum graveolens L.) cultivation.
The half-lives (t ) of BOS and PYR after application at the recommended and double dosage were in the range: 1.62-2.01 days in plant and 2.08-4.85 days in soil, respectively. The processing behavior in dill was estimated after washing, hot air drying and drying in sunlight without/with pretreatment. Processing factors (PFs) were above 1 after drying (PF = 1.24-1.39 hot air; PF = 1.15-1.28 sunlight) and below this value when the washing step was applied (PF = 0.31-0.42 hot air; PF = 0.21-0.34 sunlight), indicating the highest effectiveness of reduction, up to 73% BOS and 79% PYR.
BOS/PYR residues at pre-harvest intervals after both doses were below European Union (EU) maximum residue limits (MRLs). The highest effectiveness was noted for drying carried out with the washing step, which has a great influence on the concentration of residues in the final product. The findings can supplement PF databases not set for minor crops and can be used to establish MRLs and determine human exposures more accurately in risk assessment studies. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
确定化合物在植物加工过程中的环境行为和归宿是当今一项具有重要意义的任务。然而，对于属于小作物的独特草药基质，目前的知识仍然不完整。本文的研究首次报道了在温室莳萝（Anethum graveolens L.）种植过程中，甲酰胺咯菌腈（BOS）和肟菌酯吡唑醚菌酯（PYR）杀菌剂的消解动态和加工行为。
在推荐剂量和双倍剂量下使用后，BOS 和 PYR 的半衰期（t）在植物中的范围为 1.62-2.01 天，在土壤中的范围为 2.08-4.85 天。在用清洗、热空气干燥和阳光干燥（有无预处理）处理后，对莳萝中的加工行为进行了估计。处理因子（PF）在干燥后大于 1（PF=1.24-1.39 热空气；PF=1.15-1.28 阳光），而在应用清洗步骤时低于该值（PF=0.31-0.42 热空气；PF=0.21-0.34 阳光），表明还原效率最高，可达 73%的 BOS 和 79%的 PYR。
两种剂量后的收获前间隔 BOS/PYR 残留均低于欧盟（EU）最大残留限量（MRLs）。在带有清洗步骤的干燥过程中，效果最高，对最终产品中残留浓度有很大影响。研究结果可以补充未为小作物设定的 PF 数据库，并可用于更准确地建立 MRLs 和确定风险评估研究中的人类暴露量。© 2021 化学工业协会。
