Ilic Ivan K, Oschatz Martin
Department of Colloid Chemistry, Max-Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476, Potsdam, Germany.
Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Institute for Technical Chemistry and Environmental Chemistry, Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena), Philosophenweg 7a, 07743, Jena, Germany.
Small. 2021 May;17(19):e2007508. doi: 10.1002/smll.202007508. Epub 2021 Mar 27.
Nanoporous carbon materials can cover a remarkably wide range of physicochemical properties. They are widely applied in electrochemical energy storage and electrocatalysis. As a matter of fact, all these applications combine a chemical process at the electrode-electrolyte interface with the transport (and possibly the transfer) of electrons. This leads to multiple requirements which can hardly be fulfilled by one and the same material. This "functionality-conductivity-dilemma" can be minimized when multiple carbon-based compounds are combined into porous all-carbon hybrid nanomaterials. This article is giving a broad and general perspective on this approach from the viewpoint of materials chemists. The problem and existing solutions are first summarized. This is followed by an overview of the most important design principles for such porous materials, a chapter discussing recent examples from different fields where the formation of comparable structures has already been successfully applied, and an outlook over the future development of this field that is foreseen.
纳米多孔碳材料具有极为广泛的物理化学性质。它们在电化学储能和电催化领域有着广泛应用。事实上，所有这些应用都将电极 - 电解质界面处的化学过程与电子的传输（可能还有转移）结合在一起。这就导致了多种要求，很难由同一种材料来满足。当将多种碳基化合物组合成多孔全碳杂化纳米材料时，这种“功能性 - 导电性困境”可以降到最低。本文从材料化学家的角度对这种方法进行了广泛而全面的阐述。首先总结了问题及现有的解决方案。接着概述了此类多孔材料最重要的设计原则，有一章讨论了不同领域中已成功应用类似结构形成的近期实例，并对该领域的未来发展进行了展望。
